1

Paul Bunyan

Image: Abby Savage

Paul Bunyan , the colossal lumberjack of American folklore, is said to have cleared forests from the Northeast to the Pacific Northwest. With his blue ox, Babe , he performed incredible feats of strength, like carving out the Grand Canyon just by dragging his axe behind him, and creating the Great Lakes with his footprints.

Originating in oral traditions among lumberjacks, Bunyan’s exaggerated exploits gained momentum with the American westward expansion during the 19th century and soon became deeply ingrained in the popular imagination.

2

Johnny Appleseed

Image: Aarón Blanco Tejedor

Born John Chapman, Johnny Appleseed wandered the American frontier planting apple trees and spreading goodwill in the early 19th century. A devout Christian, he became a folk hero for his kindness, environmentalism, and pioneering spirit.

Contrary to the popular image of Johnny Appleseed randomly scattering apple seeds, he was a skilled nurseryman who meticulously planted apple tree nurseries. Each nursery was carefully fenced to shield the saplings from livestock and wildlife. After establishing these nurseries, he entrusted them to neighbors but revisited them periodically.

3

Pecos Bill

Image: JosephHershMedia

Pecos Bill , a fictional cowboy raised by coyotes in the wilds of Texas, became a larger-than-life figure known for taming cyclones and roping tornadoes. His adventures, first popularized in the early 20th century, embody the frontier spirit and Texas mythology, blending humor with tales of rugged individualism.

Among his many tales, one credits him with creating the Gulf of Mexico . According to legend, during a severe drought in Texas, Pecos Bill lassoed a storm cloud in California and brought it to Texas. The resulting deluge caused extensive flooding, ultimately forming the Gulf.

4

Davy Crockett

Image: Joseph Corl

Davy Crockett , known as the "King of the Wild Frontier," was a real-life frontiersman later turned politician whose exploits were mythologized even during his lifetime. Born in East Tennessee, he quickly gained fame for his sharp hunting skills and captivating storytelling.

During his time in the U.S. Congress, he staunchly opposed many of President Andrew Jackson’s policies, particularly the Indian Removal Act, and championed the rights of small landowners. Crockett’s life ended with valor at the Battle of the Alamo , solidifying his folk legend as a symbol of courage and patriotism. His legacy remains an enduring part of American history.

5

Calamity Jane

Image: Vidar Nordli-Mathisen

Martha Jane Canary, better known by her alias Calamity Jane, was a frontierswoman and scout famed for her sharpshooting skills and daredevil exploits. During her youth, she stepped up to provide for her large family, taking on various jobs, from ox team driver to scout for Fort Russell. Eventually, she embraced the rough and adventurous lifestyle that made her a legend.

Despite her fearsome reputation, Calamity Jane was compassionate and often helped those in need. Her adventures in the Wild West alongside figures like Wild Bill Hickok cemented her status as a legend of the American frontier.

6

Molly Pitcher

Image: Garry T

Molly Pitcher, the nickname given to Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley, became famous for her bravery during the American Revolutionary War. Although several historical figures are known by this moniker for similar deeds, Mary Ludwig Hays distinguished herself during the Battle of Monmouth in June 1778, where she served as a water carrier for the soldiers.

When her husband, an artilleryman in the Continental Army, fell to enemy fire, she took his place, swabbing and loading the cannon with such bravery and determination that she earned a commendation from George Washington.

7

Daniel Boone

Image: Scott Longerbeam

Daniel Boone was a legendary frontiersman and explorer who blazed trails through the Appalachian Mountains and into Kentucky. Born in 1734, Boone became famous for his expert hunting and survival skills, as well as his role in establishing the Wilderness Road, a trail that facilitated westward migration through the Cumberland Gap.

After serving as a militia officer during the Revolutionary War, he was briefly taken in by the Shawnees in the Northeastern Woodlands. After a few years, he returned and continued to help protect the Kentucky settlements.

8

Buffalo Bill

Image: Judy Beth Morris

William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody was a legendary figure of the American West, known for his Wild West shows that toured the United States and Europe. Born in 1846, Cody was a skilled buffalo hunter, Army scout, and showman who brought cowboy skills and frontier life to audiences worldwide.

He earned his nickname after the Civil War by providing Kansas Pacific Railroad workers with buffalo meat, hunting record numbers of the animal. He even engaged in hunting competitions with his partner, Bill Comstock. His legendary figure has been frequently portrayed in film and television, especially during the height of the Western genre in the 1960s.

9

Wild Bill Hickok

Image: Pablò

James Butler Hickok, famously known as Wild Bill Hickok, was a legendary figure of the American Old West. Born in 1837, Hickok gained fame as a skilled marksman, gambler, and lawman.

Though his exploits were certainly exaggerated by the outlandish tales he told about himself, he was involved in several notorious gunfights during his life. Most notably, he dueled with Davis Tutt, a local gambler with whom he had various disagreements, particularly over their mutual affection for the same woman.

10

John Henry

Image: Lucio Patone

John Henry was a legendary steel-driving man whose man-against-machine tale epitomized the strength and resilience of the American worker. An African American freedman, his dangerous job involved hammering steel drills into rocks to create holes for explosives used to blast open railroad tunnels.

According to the legend, John Henry's prowess was tested in a race against a steam-powered drill. He won the race but tragically died after victory, hammer in hand when his heart gave out from the immense physical stress.

1

Josephine Baker

Image: Richie Lugo

Josephine Baker was the first Black woman to star in a major motion picture , the 1927 French silent film Siren of the Tropics . During her early career, Baker was among the most celebrated performers to headline the revues of the Folies Bergère in Paris. Her performance in the 1927 revue Un vent de Folie caused a sensation in the city. Her costume, consisting only of a short skirt made of artificial bananas and a beaded necklace, became an iconic image and a symbol both of the Jazz Age and the Roaring Twenties.

Baker was celebrated by artists and intellectuals of the era, who variously dubbed her the "Black Venus," the "Black Pearl," the "Bronze Venus," and the "Creole Goddess." She aided the French Resistance during World War II, and after the war, she was awarded the Resistance Medal by the French Committee of National Liberation, the Croix de Guerre by the French military, and was named a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour by General Charles de Gaulle.

2

Rudy Vallée

Image: Matt Botsford

Rudy Vallée was the first male singer to rise from local radio broadcasts in New York City to national popularity as a "crooner." He had a thin, wavering tenor voice and seemed more at home singing sweet ballads than jazz songs. But his singing, saxophone playing, and the innovative arrangements he wrote for his band attracted the attention of a rapidly increasing number of listeners, especially young women.

Singers needed strong voices to fill theaters in the days before microphones. Crooners had soft voices that were suited to the intimacy of radio; the microphones, in this case, promoted direct access to "a vulnerable and sensuous interior," or, in other words, "a conjured intimacy." Vallée was one of the first celebrity radio vocalists.

3

Bobby Darin

Image: Jack Sharp

Bobby Darin was an American teen idol and, later, an adult crooner who, in 1958, co-wrote and recorded his first million-selling single, "Splish Splash," followed by "Dream Lover" and his covers of "Mack the Knife" and "Beyond the Sea," which brought him worldwide fame.

In the early 1970s, his health was beginning to fail due to a weak heart. The knowledge of Darin's vulnerability had always spurred him on to use his musical talent while still young. Darin died in 1973 at the age of 37 in a hospital recovery room after having open-heart surgery in Los Angeles.

4

Keely Smith

Image: Harry Shelton

American jazz and popular music singer Keely Smith performed and recorded extensively in the 1950s with her then-husband Louis Prima , and throughout the 1960s as a solo artist. The couple were stars in the entertainment business, including stage, television, motion pictures, hit records, and cabaret acts.

They won a Grammy in 1959, its inaugural year, for their smash hit, "That Old Black Magic," which remained on the charts for 18 weeks.

5

The Ink Spots

Image: Jorge Flores

The first band on the list, the Ink Spots was an American vocal pop group who gained international fame in the 1930s and 1940s due to their unique musical style, which predated rhythm and blues and doo-wop .

On January 12, 1939, the Ink Spots recorded "If I Didn't Care," one of their biggest hits, selling over 19 million copies and becoming the 8th-best-selling single of all time. Since they disbanded in 1954, there have been well over a hundred vocal groups calling themselves "The Ink Spots," with and without any original members of the group.

6

Ella Fitzgerald

Image: zachrie friesen

A frequent collaborator of the Ink Spots, Ella Fitzgerald was a singer, songwriter, and composer, sometimes referred to as the "First Lady of Song," the "Queen of Jazz," and "Lady Ella." She was noted for her purity of tone, impeccable diction, phrasing, timing, intonation, absolute pitch, and a "horn-like" improvisational ability, particularly in her scat singing.

Outside her solo career, she recorded music with Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and the aforementioned Ink Spots. These partnerships produced songs such as "Dream a Little Dream of Me," "Cheek to Cheek," "Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall," and "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)."

7

Bing Crosby

Image: Alexander Wark Feeney

A one-man orchestra, Bing Crosby was a singer, actor, television producer, radio personality, and businessman. The first multimedia star , he was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century worldwide.

In 1948, American polls declared him the "most admired man alive," ahead of Jackie Robinson and Pope Pius XII. That same year, Music Digest estimated that Crosby's recordings filled more than half of the 80,000 weekly hours allocated to recorded radio music in America.

Crosby is one of 33 people to have three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , in the categories of motion pictures, radio, and audio recording.

8

Perry Como

Image: Oscar Sutton

Perry Como was an American singer, actor, and television personality who sold over 100 million records worldwide and pioneered a weekly musical variety television show. His weekly television shows and seasonal specials were broadcast around the world. He recorded primarily vocal pop and was renowned for his recordings in the intimate, easy-listening genre pioneered by our newly acquainted friend, Bing Crosby.

In the official RCA Records memorial in Billboard magazine, his life was summed up in these few words: "50 years of music and a life well lived. An example to all."

9

Nina Simone

Image: Artem Bryzgalov

A bigger-than-life figure, Nina Simone was a singer, songwriter, pianist, composer, arranger, and civil rights activist whose piano playing was strongly influenced by baroque and classical music, and accompanied by expressive, jazz-like singing in her contralto voice .

Early in her career, Simone played piano at a nightclub in Atlantic City, where she was told that she would have to sing to her accompaniment. This effectively launched her career as a jazz vocalist. Simone also became known for her work in the civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s, and she later fled the United States and settled in France following the assassination of her friend Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968.

10

Screamin’ Jay Hawkins

Image: Music HQ

The closer of this list is one of the most colorful characters in American music. "Screamin' Jay" Hawkins was a singer-songwriter, musician, actor, film producer, and boxer, best known for his powerful, shouting vocal delivery and wildly theatrical performances with macabre props onstage, making him an early pioneer of shock rock.

Screamin’ Jay’s most successful recording, "I Put a Spell on You," was created when the entire band was intoxicated during a recording session where "Hawkins screamed, grunted, and gurgled his way through the tune with utter drunken abandon." The resulting performance became his greatest commercial success and reportedly surpassed a million copies in sales.

1

"Play it again, Sam." Casablanca (1942)

Casablanca remains one of Hollywood’s most memorable classics, but what if we all remember one of the movie's most quoted lines incorrectly? In the famous scene where Ilsa (Ingrid Bergman) approaches Sam (Dooley Wilson) at the piano, she asks him to play a song for her.

The line is most commonly quoted as: " Play it again, Sam. " But Ilsa never says these exact words. What she actually tells Sam is: "Play it once, Sam, for old time's sake. Play it, Sam. Play ‘As Time Goes By.’"

2

"Luke, I am your father." The Empire Strikes Back (1980)

Few plot twists in movie history have been as shocking as the scene where Darth Vader (voiced by James Earl Jones) finally reveals to Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill) that he’s his father in Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back . So how did we end up remembering Vader’s line wrong?

People always recall the line as: "Luke, I am your father." But in the scene, Luke says, "He told me you killed him!" referring to his father. Vader then answers, "No. I am your father." He never really says "Luke."

3

"Toto, I don't think we're in Kansas anymore." The Wizard of Oz (1939)

The characters, story, and indelible scenes of The Wizard of Oz have made it one of the most beloved films of all time, and even though we’ve seen this countless times, we still misquote one of its most famous lines .

Believe it or not, Dorothy (Judy Garland) didn’t say "I don't think we're in Kansas anymore." After she and Toto arrive in Oz’s Munchkinland, what she says is: "Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore." The difference is small, but the misquote has become far more ubiquitous than the original.

4

"Life is like a box of chocolates." Forrest Gump (1994)

At the beginning of the Oscar-winning Forrest Gump , Forrest (Tom Hanks) fondly remembers his mom’s analogy comparing life to a box of chocolates. While the line stuck with us, it's not quite how folks usually repeat it.

Forrest doesn’t exactly say "Life is like a box of chocolates." He says: "My mama always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get." The most commonly remembered version changes both the opening and the verb tense.

5

"If you build it, they will come." Field of Dreams (1989)

What if the mysterious voice in Field of Dreams said something different to Ray Kinsella (Kevin Costner) than what we’ve been repeating all this time? The quote is most commonly remembered as "If you build it, they will come." But again, there’s a catch.

The voice actually tells Ray, "If you build it, he will come." "He" initially refers to Shoeless Joe Jackson, the first ghost to appear. However, the message has a deeper meaning: it also foreshadows Ray’s chance to reconnect with his deceased father, John Kinsella.

6

"Do you feel lucky, punk?" Dirty Harry (1971)

Clint Eastwood has played so many iconic characters throughout his career, but antihero cop Harry Callahan has stuck around, and his line "Do you feel lucky, punk?" has been repeated ad nauseam. But if you watch Dirty Harry again, you’ll notice he never says it like that.

After Harry stops a bank robbery, he tells the criminal, "You've got to ask yourself one question: ‘Do I feel lucky?’ Well, do ya, punk? " He’s challenging the robber to guess whether his .44 Magnum still has a bullet in it.

7

"Houston, we have a problem." Apollo 13 (1995)

This line has been repurposed everywhere to convey that something has gone wrong. Turns out, the 1995 movie Apollo 13 changed the wording of what the real Commander Jim Lovell said.

In Apollo 13 , Tom Hanks, playing Lovell, says "Houston, we have a problem." During the actual Apollo 13 mission, astronaut Jack Swigert radioed Mission Control and said: "Okay, Houston, we've had a problem here," and then Lovell repeated, "Houston, we've had a problem."

8

"Hello, Clarice." The Silence of the Lambs (1991)

The line "Hello, Clarice" from The Silence of the Lambs is synonymous with Hannibal Lecter (Anthony Hopkins) himself. But as surprising as it sounds, Hannibal never says those words at all. In that first tense encounter between Clarice Starling (Jodie Foster) and Hannibal, the serial killer and cannibal simply says " Good morning ." It’s unclear why this conversation has been misquoted.

9

"Mirror, mirror on the wall…" Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)

Here’s another one that almost everyone gets wrong: the Evil Queen never said "Mirror, mirror on the wall…" in Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs . The actual line in the movie goes: " Magic mirror on the wall, who is the fairest one of all?"

The confusion stems from the original German text from the Brothers Grimm fairy tale: " Spieglein, Spieglein an der Wand ," which literally translates to "Mirror, mirror on the wall." This version caught on so well that even Disney has used "mirror, mirror" in official merchandise, movie posters, and even in the animated series The 7D (a spin-off focusing on the dwarfs), in which an episode is titled "Mirror, Mirror."

10

"He’s alive!" Frankenstein (1931)

The exact moment when Frankenstein’s monster comes to life in James Whale's 1931 movie, based on Mary Shelley's 1818 novel, isn’t quite how most people remember. In the scene, Dr. Frankenstein (Colin Clive) doesn’t cry "He’s alive!" What he actually says is: " It’s alive ."

Dr. Frankenstein uses "it" instead of "he," emphasizing his creation’s monstrous, rather than human, nature. Interestingly, the iconic scene doesn't happen the same way in Shelley's original novel. In the book, there’s no lightning storm, no kites, and no massive electronic equipment as in the movie; he simply brings the creature to life during a quiet, rainy November night and never screams "It’s alive" when the monster starts moving.