1

Paul Bunyan

Image: Abby Savage

Paul Bunyan , the colossal lumberjack of American folklore, is said to have cleared forests from the Northeast to the Pacific Northwest. With his blue ox, Babe , he performed incredible feats of strength, like carving out the Grand Canyon just by dragging his axe behind him, and creating the Great Lakes with his footprints.

Originating in oral traditions among lumberjacks, Bunyan’s exaggerated exploits gained momentum with the American westward expansion during the 19th century and soon became deeply ingrained in the popular imagination.

2

Johnny Appleseed

Image: Aarón Blanco Tejedor

Born John Chapman, Johnny Appleseed wandered the American frontier planting apple trees and spreading goodwill in the early 19th century. A devout Christian, he became a folk hero for his kindness, environmentalism, and pioneering spirit.

Contrary to the popular image of Johnny Appleseed randomly scattering apple seeds, he was a skilled nurseryman who meticulously planted apple tree nurseries. Each nursery was carefully fenced to shield the saplings from livestock and wildlife. After establishing these nurseries, he entrusted them to neighbors but revisited them periodically.

3

Pecos Bill

Image: JosephHershMedia

Pecos Bill , a fictional cowboy raised by coyotes in the wilds of Texas, became a larger-than-life figure known for taming cyclones and roping tornadoes. His adventures, first popularized in the early 20th century, embody the frontier spirit and Texas mythology, blending humor with tales of rugged individualism.

Among his many tales, one credits him with creating the Gulf of Mexico . According to legend, during a severe drought in Texas, Pecos Bill lassoed a storm cloud in California and brought it to Texas. The resulting deluge caused extensive flooding, ultimately forming the Gulf.

4

Davy Crockett

Image: Joseph Corl

Davy Crockett , known as the "King of the Wild Frontier," was a real-life frontiersman later turned politician whose exploits were mythologized even during his lifetime. Born in East Tennessee, he quickly gained fame for his sharp hunting skills and captivating storytelling.

During his time in the U.S. Congress, he staunchly opposed many of President Andrew Jackson’s policies, particularly the Indian Removal Act, and championed the rights of small landowners. Crockett’s life ended with valor at the Battle of the Alamo , solidifying his folk legend as a symbol of courage and patriotism. His legacy remains an enduring part of American history.

5

Calamity Jane

Image: Vidar Nordli-Mathisen

Martha Jane Canary, better known by her alias Calamity Jane, was a frontierswoman and scout famed for her sharpshooting skills and daredevil exploits. During her youth, she stepped up to provide for her large family, taking on various jobs, from ox team driver to scout for Fort Russell. Eventually, she embraced the rough and adventurous lifestyle that made her a legend.

Despite her fearsome reputation, Calamity Jane was compassionate and often helped those in need. Her adventures in the Wild West alongside figures like Wild Bill Hickok cemented her status as a legend of the American frontier.

6

Molly Pitcher

Image: Garry T

Molly Pitcher, the nickname given to Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley, became famous for her bravery during the American Revolutionary War. Although several historical figures are known by this moniker for similar deeds, Mary Ludwig Hays distinguished herself during the Battle of Monmouth in June 1778, where she served as a water carrier for the soldiers.

When her husband, an artilleryman in the Continental Army, fell to enemy fire, she took his place, swabbing and loading the cannon with such bravery and determination that she earned a commendation from George Washington.

7

Daniel Boone

Image: Scott Longerbeam

Daniel Boone was a legendary frontiersman and explorer who blazed trails through the Appalachian Mountains and into Kentucky. Born in 1734, Boone became famous for his expert hunting and survival skills, as well as his role in establishing the Wilderness Road, a trail that facilitated westward migration through the Cumberland Gap.

After serving as a militia officer during the Revolutionary War, he was briefly taken in by the Shawnees in the Northeastern Woodlands. After a few years, he returned and continued to help protect the Kentucky settlements.

8

Buffalo Bill

Image: Judy Beth Morris

William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody was a legendary figure of the American West, known for his Wild West shows that toured the United States and Europe. Born in 1846, Cody was a skilled buffalo hunter, Army scout, and showman who brought cowboy skills and frontier life to audiences worldwide.

He earned his nickname after the Civil War by providing Kansas Pacific Railroad workers with buffalo meat, hunting record numbers of the animal. He even engaged in hunting competitions with his partner, Bill Comstock. His legendary figure has been frequently portrayed in film and television, especially during the height of the Western genre in the 1960s.

9

Wild Bill Hickok

Image: Pablò

James Butler Hickok, famously known as Wild Bill Hickok, was a legendary figure of the American Old West. Born in 1837, Hickok gained fame as a skilled marksman, gambler, and lawman.

Though his exploits were certainly exaggerated by the outlandish tales he told about himself, he was involved in several notorious gunfights during his life. Most notably, he dueled with Davis Tutt, a local gambler with whom he had various disagreements, particularly over their mutual affection for the same woman.

10

John Henry

Image: Lucio Patone

John Henry was a legendary steel-driving man whose man-against-machine tale epitomized the strength and resilience of the American worker. An African American freedman, his dangerous job involved hammering steel drills into rocks to create holes for explosives used to blast open railroad tunnels.

According to the legend, John Henry's prowess was tested in a race against a steam-powered drill. He won the race but tragically died after victory, hammer in hand when his heart gave out from the immense physical stress.

1

Movie etiquette slides: The "don’ts" of early cinema

Image: Alex Litvin

Long before "silence your phones" became a common phrase, the audience was advised to mind their manners with whimsical "movie etiquette" slides. These slides, from the early 1900s, reminded theatergoers to behave properly while in the establishment. Suggestions like "Applaud with hands only" were a gentle nudge to stay courteous—after all, what else would one applaud with, right?

Another classic recommendation: "If annoyed when here, please tell the management," a precursor to modern customer service advice.

2

America’s birth certificate: The map that named a continent

Image: Chris Lawton

Does America have a birth certificate? Not exactly, but something like that—hear this out. It’s actually a map that holds the unique honor of using the name "America" for the very first time . Created by Martin Waldseemüller in 1507, it has a lengthy Latin title and shows an emerging understanding of the globe, especially the newly discovered Western Hemisphere and Pacific Ocean.

For the first time, a cartographer separated the Americas from Europe and Asia, recognizing them as distinct continents. The Library of Congress acquired the map in 2003 and is often referred to as America’s "birth certificate."

3

A Monopoly prequel: The Office Boy

Image: Jaciel Melnik

Before Monopoly was monopolizing (pun intended) family game nights, Parker Brothers tested the waters with a lesser-known board game called "The Office Boy." Released in 1889, this early game was all about climbing the corporate ladder , reflecting the "American Dream" narrative popular at the time.

Players began as humble stock boys and had to work their way up to the head of the firm, with virtues like integrity and promptness helping them along, while carelessness could set them back. Pretty much like real life, huh?

Although "The Office Boy" never reached the same iconic status, it’s a fascinating precursor to Monopoly and you can take a look at it at the Library of Congress.

4

Locks of famous hair: A snip of history

Image: Taylor Smith

It might sound strange today, but saving locks of hair from notable figures was a common practice in the past. The Library of Congress holds strands from historical figures like Thomas Jefferson, Walt Whitman, and James Madison.

Along with the locks, you can also learn some interesting facts. For example, Jefferson’s hair was cut at his deathbed by his family, while Whitman’s came courtesy of his housekeeper, who took the liberty of snipping a few strands. These tiny, personal (maybe too personal) belongings have lost their shine over the years, but they still connect visitors to some of the most influential figures in history.

5

Bizarre health labels: Fat-Ten-U tablets, anyone?

Image: Jenelle

We might find it hard to believe at times, but societies do change. Want to see how? Take a look at advertisements from a certain era, and you’ll notice the early 20th century had its fair share of questionable health products—some of them can be found at the Library of Congress.

For example, one product you can take a look at is "Loring’s Fat-Ten-U Food Tablets," which promised to help skinny folks gain weight quickly . The accompanying ads featured dramatic before-and-after illustrations of people plumping up into "rosy" health with these tablets.

Compare that with today, and you’ll see that marketing, fads, and science have certainly come a long way, don’t you think?

6

The first road map: Paving the way for American travelers

Image: LouisMoto

We’ve mentioned the first map to name America as a continent, but have you ever wondered who the first person to draw a roadmap of the US was? Well, you can learn about that at the Library of Congress.

Back in 1789, when George Washington became president, Christopher Colles published what is now considered the first road map of the United States . His guide, titled A Survey of the Roads of the United States of America , helped travelers navigate the relatively new nation. Rather than displaying large swathes of territory, each page zoomed in on short stretches of road, making it much easier to navigate.

Of course, if you look at it today, it is outdated, but back then, it made traveling around the country a lot easier!

7

Culinary advice for motorists: Gourmet on the go

Image: Debby Hudson

One doesn’t usually—or immediately—place a motorist in a kitchen, right? But we guess this is here to prove us wrong!

When early motorists hit the road, there weren’t fast-food chains or convenience stores on every corner. This posed a problem, but the solution came around rather quickly: The Motorist’s Luncheon Book by May Southworth, published in 1923, provided travelers with the advice they needed to plan their meals on the go. The book suggested packing emergency supplies like sardines, canned frankfurters, and even "bacon in jars" and some recipes to cook on the road.

If you’re ever out of ideas in the kitchen, you might want to get a quick look at this book!

8

Jefferson’s vanilla ice cream recipe: Founding Father of desserts

Image: Hidden

Wait, Jefferson—as in the Founding Father? That’s right. Thomas Jefferson may have helped write the Declaration of Independence, but he also knew how to make a mean vanilla ice cream.

Among his vast collection of papers at the Library of Congress is his personal recipe for the classic dessert . The recipe is as simple as it gets: just "good cream," egg yolks, sugar, and vanilla. Jefferson, known for his love of French cuisine, likely picked up this ice cream-making skill while serving as a diplomat in Paris. While the recipe is quite detailed, it’s a reminder that even the most powerful figures in history had a sweet tooth. You could honor him by making this for your loved ones tonight!

9

The first known book printed in America: The Bay Psalm Book

Image: Aaron Burden

We all know what the first printed book in the world was, right? But what about the first printed book in America? Here’s what you need to know about it.

North America’s first printed book, The Whole Booke of Psalmes , also known as The Bay Psalm Book , dates back to 1640, just two decades after the Mayflower landed. This hymnal was created in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and contains psalms translated from Hebrew into English—but with a twist: the spelling and grammar were, well… creative by modern standards.

The book has no music notes, just the lyrics for worshippers to follow along with. Though simple in appearance, it pretty much marks a milestone in American printing and religious history.

10

Helen Keller’s plea to Alexander Bell: A message of hope

Image: Anne Nygård

As you probably already know, Hellen Keller was both deaf and blind. But that was never an obstacle to her journey of self-improvement and activism for the rights of the disabled. She is, still today, one of the most influential figures in history.

Now, concerning this article, here’s the fascinating artifact’s history: In 1907, Helen Keller sent a telegram to Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone and an advocate for the deaf. In it, Keller, who was both deaf and blind, asked Bell to join her in delivering a speech , hoping he would repeat her words aloud for the audience. This small but powerful telegram is now part of the Library of Congress’s collection and you can take a look at it to learn about the deep bonds formed between two icons of American history.

1

Seattle: The Seattle Underground

People usually visit Seattle for the seafood, waterfront views, coffee culture, and the famous Space Needle. But underneath the busy sidewalks lies part of the city most tourists never realize exists. Beneath Pioneer Square sits the Seattle Underground, a network of old streets and storefronts buried below modern Seattle.

This area dates back to the Great Seattle Fire of 1889, which destroyed much of downtown. City leaders decided to rebuild the streets one story higher to improve drainage problems that had plagued the city for years. For a while, businesses operated below street level, but eventually this lower level was abandoned. Today, guided tours take visitors through the underground passageways and old sidewalks and mix ghost stories and old city legends with the real story below Emerald City.

2

Chicago: The Chicago River

Between deep-dish pizza, Wrigley Field, jazz clubs, and the towering skyscrapers, few cities feel more American than Chicago. It’s also home to the magical Chicago River, which, in 1900, actually flowed backwards.

Back in the late 1800s, Chicago faced a dangerous problem. The river carried sewage and industrial waste into Lake Michigan, the same lake supplying the city’s drinking water. Disease outbreaks of typhoid and cholera became increasingly serious, and engineers realized something drastic had to happen. In 1900, after years of planning and digging canals, they built a series of canals and locks, like the prominent Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, connecting the Chicago River to the Des Plaines River, forcing the water to flow toward the Mississippi River watershed. That way, they reversed the river’s direction so the contaminated water would flow away from the lake instead of into it. The natural flow was forever altered, but it remains central to city life, especially during St. Patrick’s Day when, according to tradition, it’s dyed bright green every year.

3

New York City: NYPL hidden apartment

Yellow taxies, Central Park, Broadway shows, and nonstop energy have made New York City feel magical. The Big Apple hides many secrets, and the apartment inside the New York Public Library Main Branch is just one of them.

In 1910, the library superintendent, John Fedeler, and his family moved into a private eight-room apartment tucked inside the library. This was so that someone would always be available to maintain the huge building. With bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living area, a full home is hidden behind doors that most visitors passed by. The family lived there until 1941, when the space was converted into offices and storage areas. However, the library still offers tours where visitors can learn about its history.

4

Portland: Mill Ends Park

When you think of Portland, you may think of Washington Park or Forest Park. But if you pay close attention, you can also visit Mill Ends Park. At just two feet across, it holds the Guinness World Record as the world’s smallest park.

At first glance, it looks more like a flowerpot than a public landmark, but the story goes back to 1948, when journalist Dick Fagan noticed an empty hole that had been meant for a light pole. Tired of staring at it from his office window, he planted flowers there and jokingly claimed that, since it was so small, it was a park for leprechauns. The joke took on a life of its own, and in 1976, it was dedicated on St. Patrick's Day. Today, it’s a must-do for travelers going through Portland, and locals continue treating it with surprising seriousness.

5

Houston: The Beer Can House

Everything is bigger in Texas, and Houston is no exception. If you’ve been there, you’ve probably visited NASA, the Museum District, and tried a local barbecue joint. But you’ve probably missed a quirky house hidden among the neighborhoods. Located at 222 Malone St, sits the Beer Can House. The name is self-explanatory, since it’s a house covered with beer cans.

In 1968, John Milkovish decided he was tired of painting and maintaining the exterior of his property. Instead, he began flattening beer cans and attaching them to the house. What started as a hobby slowly turned into a full-blown obsession involving more than 50,000 cans. The house went from being a neighborhood curiosity to a roadside attraction to finally being a protected local landmark in 2001. In 2010, Time magazine even ranked it as one of America's top 50 roadside attractions. True to his Texan blood, John Milkovish built something big.

6

San Francisco: The Wave Organ

No trip to San Francisco is complete without taking the cable car or a picture at the Golden Gate. But tucked away near the Marina District is an attraction many tourists completely miss. The Wave Organ is a gigantic acoustic sculpture that turns ocean waves into music.

Completed in 1986 by artist Peter Richards, t he installation consists of a series of pipes extending into the bay. As tides rise and waves move through the pipes, they create eerie sounds ranging from soft bubbling to deep echoes. Richards was inspired by recordings of artist Bill Fontana, made of sounds coming from a vent pipe of a floating concrete dock in Sydney, Australia. In 1980, he received a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts and tested the first prototypes during the 1981 New Music Festival. Five years later, he completed this sonic sculpture that runs entirely on nature.

7

Los Angeles: La Brea Tar Pits

Los Angeles is all about Hollywood, palm trees, and the beaches. But it’s also home to one of the world’s most important prehistoric sites. The bubbling black pools at La Brea Tar Pits have been trapping animals for tens of thousands of years.

Long before Los Angeles was the city it is today, natural asphalt constantly came up from underground. Mammoths, saber-toothed cats, dire wolves, and other Ice Age animals became trapped there, preserving their skeletons remarkably well. Scientists began excavating fossils in the early 1900s, and discoveries continue to this day. The fossils recovered from the site are countless. Visitors can explore the museum for $18 and watch active excavations while surrounded by modern office buildings and traffic.

8

Seattle: The Giant Shoe Museum

Seattle already has its share of unusual attractions, especially around Pike Place Market, where fishmongers toss salmon through the air, and crowds line up for fresh pastries. But the Giant Shoe Museum, located there, is even stranger. A single exhibit wall dedicated to oversized footwear , the museum works like an arcade peep show. Visitors drop coins into viewing slots to reveal displays featuring enormous boots, giant clown shoes, and other gigantic footwear.

The museum was founded in 1997 by Danny Eskenazi after he became obsessed with his grandfather’s missing item: the shoe of Robert Wadlow, the tallest man in history. He even offered $1,000 to anyone who could find that Wadlow shoe. Sadly, the shoe remains lost, but his obsession led to the discovery of other shoes worn by Wadlow and more footwear that is now displayed in the museum.

9

Boston: Great Molasses Flood Site

Boston's most popular spots blend colonial and Revolutionary War history with vibrant neighborhoods that feature top attractions like the Freedom Trail, Fenway Park, and the Boston Public Garden. But it’s also home to the remains of a disaster.

In 1919, Boston experienced the Great Molasses Flood. A massive molasses storage tank burst in the North End neighborhood, unleashing more than two million gallons of syrup into the streets. After 21 people lost their lives, the disaster led to stricter construction safety regulations across the country, and the tank was never rebuilt. Today, visitors can still walk through the neighborhood where it happened. There’s no giant syrup wave anymore, thankfully, but plaques and local tours continue telling the story.

10

Lake Havasu City: The London Bridge

Driving through Lake Havasu City in Arizona, you expect desert landscapes, boating, and blazing summer heat. You probably don’t expect to stumble across a famous bridge from England, especially not the original London Bridge itself.

In 1831, John Rennie designed and opened the London Bridge spanning the River Thames. By the 1960s, the bridge started sinking under the weight of modern cars and traffic. Robert P. McCulloch, founder of Lake Havasu City, saw this as an opportunity and, in 1968, he purchased the bridge for $2.4 million. The bridge was dismantled and reconstructed in the Arizona desert, and completed in 1971. What once connected two sides of London now links mainland Lake Havasu City with Pittsburgh Point that visitors and locals enjoy every day.

11

Atlanta: The Center for Puppetry Arts

Atlanta is often associated with Southern cooking, a busy airport, and its important role in the Civil Rights Movement. But tucked inside the city is also the Center for Puppetry Arts, which houses the world’s largest collection of Jim Henson’s original Muppets.

The center opened in 1978, when puppeteer Vincent Anthony transformed a former elementary school into a home for puppet arts. From the very beginning, the project had a special connection to Jim Henson himself. He and Kermit the Frog helped inaugurate the center, and over the years, Henson became one of its biggest supporters. The center expanded significantly between 2007 and 2015, adding the permanent Jim Henson Collection and the impressive Worlds of Puppetry Museum. Unlike many museums, this place is hands-on. Guests can watch live performances, explore exhibits from puppet traditions, and revisit characters that shaped generations of childhood memories.