Culture Culture 6 min read

LEGENDS OF THE SILVER SCREEN

Action! Do you know these 10 iconic American film protagonists?

Image: Austris Augusts

Hollywood has given us countless exciting and moving movies that have shaped generations of Americans since the dawn of cinema. But what is a good story without a good protagonist? After all, the struggles of these heroes and heroines are not only the driving force that makes the script move forward, but they are usually the characters that most audiences relate to. They inspire us, connect with us, and they leave us with a feeling that makes us want to be better. We have selected 10 of the most iconic protagonists from American films of all decades. Hopefully, this article will make you reconnect with those beloved characters from your childhood who helped inspire and shape the adult you are now. Enjoy!

1
Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill)

Image: superneox lightsaber

Luke Skywalker is one of pop culture’s most beloved icons. In the first "Star Wars" movie, this young man goes from a life of solitude and safe boredom to a wondrous journey filled with lasers and space magic. Luke not only finds invaluable friends, mentors, and comrades, but he also discovers the purpose he has been looking for his entire life.

Mark Hamill portrayed this character for over 40 years, from his days as a young Jedi apprentice in 1977 "A New Hope", to Luke’s last days as a wise hermit in 2017 "The Last Jedi". You would think that being typecast for such a long time would discourage Hamil, but the actor seems to always be happy to portray Luke on the big screen.

2
Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford)

Image: Colton Jones

Indiana Jones proved to an entire generation that archaeologists can be cool too! Harrison Ford first brought this iconic adventurer to life in the 1981 classic "Raiders of the Lost Ark", and continued to portray him for 4 more films, with the last one in the series (so far) being released in 2023.

Indiana is instantly recognizable through his wide-brimmed fedora, his trusted whip, and his quick-witted sense of humor. There’s not much we can say about this character that’s not already common knowledge, so we’ll end this entry with a less-known fact: Did you know that Indy’s full name is Dr. Henry Walton Jones, Jr?

3
Superman (Christopher Reeve)

Image: Jon Tyson

While up to date over 13 actors have portrayed " the Man of Steel " on film since the character’s creation in 1938, a pretty strong argument could be made that Christopher Reeve’s performance in the 1978 movie "Superman" truly brought this iconic superhero to life.

Reeve was just perfect for the part: He effortlessly brought a level of nuance and depth to Superman while still maintaining the warmth and disposition that made him a pop culture icon. In the end, Reeve is able to show us that, just like every American hero, Superman’s main source of strength is his heart.

4
Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox)

Image: Roger Ce

Marty McFly , the quick-witted and hot-headed protagonist of the "Back to the Future" trilogy, was meant to represent a typical American teenager. And yet, Marty is by all means definitively way cooler than the average teenager: He is charismatic, an amazing guitar player (so much so that he "invented" rock n’ roll), and extremely proficient with his trusted skateboard.

Much of Marty’s legacy as a pop icon can be attributed to Michael J. Fox’s performance. This amazing actor was able to portray Marty’s coolness as well as his bravery, sensitivity, and daredevil ways. Almost 40 years have passed since the release of the first "Back to the Future", but most of us still get goosebumps whenever we see Marty and his iconic Delorean speeding up through time.

5
Ellen Ripley (Sigourney Weaver)

Image: Diego Marín

Few sci-fi characters inspire the awe and admiration that Ellen Ripley does. The very first movie in the Alien series depicts her as a cool-headed and strategic leader, who almost single-handedly manages to defeat one of the deadliest creatures in the universe.

As the films went on, Ripley’s guts and strength continued to grow, saving the Earth from a full-blown alien invasion on at least three different occasions. Portrayed by legendary actress Sigourney Weaver, Ripley is to this day considered to be one of the toughest characters in this genre’s history.

6
John McClane (Bruce Willis)

Image: Matt The Artist

Is John McClane the ultimate action hero? That’s definitively a heated debate, so it might be better to set that question aside for another article. However, no one can deny that Bruce Willis’ character in this groundbreaking series is one of the finest cops the NYPD has to offer.

Based on a character from the 1979 novel "Nothing Lasts Forever", John McClane is a sarcastic, wisecracking, and particularly skilled detective who finds himself in dangerous situations in which he is forced to single-handedly save the day. Willis has played McClane in five different films, which go from the original 1988 film to 2013’s "A Good Day to Die Hard".

7
Forrest Gump (Tom Hanks)

Image: Yosuke Ota

Some believe that Forrest Gump is the quintessential American protagonist, and with good reason: Whether it's his huge heart or a random stroke of luck, Forrest seems to always be at the right place at the right time. Not only that, but his personal story seems to be directly connected to major turning points during the latter half of the 20th century.

Portrayed by Tom Hanks in an outstanding performance that earned him an Academy Award, Forrest Gump is a simple-minded but warmhearted and extremely talented Alabama man who lives an extraordinary life. His search for his childhood love takes him on a journey throughout American history: Forrest teaches Elvis how to dance, helps expose the Watergate Scandal, and runs a three-year marathon across the United States.

8
The Man With No Name (Clint Eastwood)

Image: Luis Domenech

Let’s start this entry by addressing the elephant in the room: Yes, Clint Eastwood’s iconic cowboy character does have a name. In fact, he has several: In the three movies this laid-back and quiet gunslinger appears, he is called by several names including "Blondie", "Joe", and "Manco". However, the truth of the matter is that a man with many names is the same as a man with none, so in the end "The Man with No Name" seems like an appropriate title.

Eastwood played this taciturn antihero in "A Fistful of Dollars", "For a Few Dollars More", and "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly." While his most notable characteristic is his silent manners, he is also instantly recognizable by his poncho and tan cowboy boots.

9
Rocky Balboa (Sylvester Stallone)

Image: Zane Burko

Rocky’s story, both inside and outside the movie set, can be summed up into a single word: Resilience. In the first film, released in 1976, Rocky is an up-and-coming club boxer who risks it all at a shot at the heavyweight title. Likewise, Sylvester Stallone was a financially broke actor when he wrote the screenplay for "Rocky" in just three days. However, he resisted and persevered with his intent of playing the titular character, which eventually resulted in his most iconic movie role.

After the first movie became a huge hit, winning the Oscar for Best Picture, Stallone reprised this Philadelphia boxer in six different "Rocky" films. Not only that, Balboa has now taken on a mentor role in the franchise’s spin-off series "Creed".

10
Rick Blaine (Humphrey Bogart)

Image: Darius

We’ll end this article with an American legend. The 1942 film " Casablanca " is now considered one of the most influential films of all time: It is consistently on the top of lists of the best films in history, and it was selected for preservation by the U.S. Congress in the National Film Registry. In that regard, much of what made this film so unforgettable comes from Humphrey Bogart’s performance as Rick Blaine, a cynical American expatriate with a heart of gold living in Casablanca, Morocco.

Alongside Detective Sam Spade, Rick is perhaps Bogart's most iconic character. His seemingly bitter persona hides the pain of his long-lost love Ilsa Lund, wonderfully portrayed by Ingrid Bergman. In the end, Boggart helps Ilsa and her husband escape the German army, showing his good nature before leaving Casablanca.

Culture Culture 6 min read

GAME CHANGERS

Discover 10 Of The Most Iconic & Successful American Products!

Image: Mike Petrucci

In this global and modern marketplace we live in, the products a nation makes almost act as ambassadors, showing the wonders of their countries of origin to the rest of the world. In that regard, America is no exception. Quite the contrary: Many of the world’s most cherished products were created in our country, and they are excellent representatives of what it truly means to live in America.

We have selected ten of the products that showcase all our ingenuity and proudly display the wonders of the American dream. Enjoy!

1
iPhone

Image: Bagus Hernawan

We’ll start with a game changer . On January 9, 2007, Apple founder Steve Jobs took the stage at the Macworld convention in San Francisco and announced "We're going to make some history together today". During the unveiling of the very first iPhone in 2007, Jobs was fully aware of how innovative his new product was , but he couldn’t have possibly imagined the scale of the technological revolution that was brought forward by the iPhone.

Perhaps the most groundbreaking aspect of the iPhone was its seemingly simple design: it effortlessly combined a cell phone and an iPod (another technological marvel in its own right), and it also added internet connectivity and browsing capabilities. To this day, Apple is still considered at the forefront of smartphone innovation, regularly releasing new groundbreaking iPhone models.

2
Air Jordans

Image: Flow Clark

Few brand logos are as instantly recognizable as Nike’s iconic "Swoosh". However, in 1985, Nike decided to raise the bet and create another groundbreaking logo that simply showed the silhouette of basketball legend Michael Jordan doing what he does best. And with this, the legend of the Air Jordan, probably the most iconic basketball shoe in history, was born.

Nike designed these shoes for Michael Jordan’s time with the Chicago Bulls and released them to the public in 1985. Since the release of the Air Jordan I, the "Jumpman" logo has graced over 35 different iterations of these quintessential shoes, with absolutely no signs of stopping.

3
Big Mac

Image: Brett Jordan

In 1967, in the city of Uniontown, Pennsylvania, a small McDonald’s restaurant debuted a new burger, which featured two beef patties, pickles, minced onions, and a slightly mysterious "special sauce". It was only a year later that this local burger was added to the menu of all McDonald’s in the United States, where it would become the company’s undisputable flagship product . At that moment, the legend of the Big Mac was born.

It might surprise you to learn that such an iconic burger actually had two previous names that failed with the public: the "Aristocrat" and the "Blue Ribbon Burger". It received its first and final name from Esther Rose, a 21-year-old McDonald’s advertising secretary. The Big Mac has become such an international icon , featured in almost every country around the world, that economists use what is known as the "Big Mac index" to survey a nation’s inflation based on the price of a Big Mac there.

4
Coca-Cola

Image: Maximilian Bruck

In 1885, when Colonel John Pemberton started selling the first version of its iconic drink from his drugstore in Columbus, Georgia, he advertised Coca-Cola in many different ways: first, as the "temperance drink", a non-alcoholic beverage that the growing temperance movement could enjoy, and then as a miraculous patent medicine that could provide the cure to many diseases. Little did he know that, almost 140 years after its invention, Coca-Cola would become a product that needs no introduction.

Coca-Cola is one of the most famous non-alcoholic beverages, available in practically every single country around the world. Not only that, it is the very first drink of its kind, having inspired thousands of different cola drinks since its commercialization. However, no one was ever close to copying its distinctive flavor, and probably no one ever will: its highly classified formula is one the most well-kept secrets in history.

5
Budweiser

Image: Blake Guidry

There is a reason why Budweiser is still known by its timeless nickname "The King of Beers". No beer is as instantly associated with America as Budweiser is, and with good reason: First bottled in 1876, Budweiser is the very first national beer brand in the United States.

Curiously, you might have noticed that in some places outside the United States, Budweiser is marketed as "Bud" . The reason behind this is an actual legal battle between the American Budweiser and Budweiser Budvar, a brewery located in the Czech city of České Budějovice, from which the name "Budweiser" comes.

6
Gillette

Image: Brett Jordan

How could a man named "King Camp Gillette" not live in history? Such a flamboyant and unique name truly demands to be remembered and, luckily, this essential personal care brand has proudly kept this name alive for over 120 years now, forever remembered after King C. Gillette’s groundbreaking and bestselling safety razor model.

The start of the 1900s saw Gillette’s safety razor jump to popularity, thanks to its groundbreaking design that allowed disposable blades that could be easily changed. This design quickly became the industry standard, particularly after the U.S. Army started issuing Gillette shaving kits to American soldiers.

7
Starbucks

Image: USAMA AKRAM

Who knew that a secondary character from Herman Melville’s "Moby Dick" would one day inspire one of the biggest coffee companies in the world? Millions of white Starbucks cups decorated with their green logo satiate the caffeinated needs of thousands of people every day.

It is a rather daunting task to choose Starbucks’ most iconic drink: We could go for its seasonal "Pumpkin Spice Latte", or for its refreshing, ice-cold "Caramel Frappucino". Whichever drink is your favorite, you’ll know you are enjoying one of the world’s most famous products whenever you see that iconic twin-tailed mermaid in your cup.

8
Wilson Football

Image: John Torcasio

There’s probably no need to say that Wilson is the quintessential brand associated with American football: After all, the company has been the official game ball supplier for the NFL since 1941. That means that Wilson's Football has been featured in practically every single Super Bowl since the very first one was held in 1967.

You probably already know that this iconic ball has a name: Every single Wilson ball used by the NFL has been known by the nickname "The Duke" , which has been emblazoned on every football since 2006. This is in reference to Wellington Mara, the legendary owner of the New York Giants who helped arrange the business connection between Wilson and the NFL.

9
Ben and Jerry’s

Image: Hybrid Storytellers

The story of this ice cream company is the story of two lifelong friends . Since their childhood in Merrick, New York, Ben Cohen, and Jerry Greenfield had always been inseparable, so much so that they decided to jointly open an ice cream parlor in Burlington, Vermont in 1978. Nowadays, the names of these two friends have truly become indivisible, as they both contribute 50% to the name of one of the most famous ice cream brands in the world.

Ben & Jerry’s is particularly famous for their unique flavors and the chunks of sweet treats mixed with their ice cream. The company also holds its beloved annual "Free Cone Day" event, held in all "Ben & Jerry’s" parlors across the world.

10
Louisville Slugger baseball bats

Image: Diana Polekhina

We’ll end this list with an American classic . In 1855, woodworker J. F. Hillerich opened his shop in Louisville, Kentucky. According to the company legend, Hillerich’s 17-year-old son Bud slipped away from the shop to watch the Louisville Eclipse baseball team play. It was during this game that the team's star batter, Pete "Louisville Slugger" Browning, broke his bat, so Bud invited him to his father’s shop to make him a new one.

The rest is history: Browning and the rest of the team adored the new bat, and the company started manufacturing their now-iconic "Louisville Slugger" bats. Just like with Wilson footballs, these bats are synonymous with "America’s favorite pastime". In case you are curious, you can learn more about this American icon by visiting the Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory, where you can also discover the world’s largest baseball bat!

Geography Geography 6 min read

Sub-America

Did you know there are hidden underground cities in the US?

Image: Harrison Haines

Some cities are so top secret they can’t even be found on a map. Subterranean cities have existed throughout human history, and in the United States, we have a few amazing examples. Some are bunkers built during the Cold War to survive nuclear attacks, others were born as ingenious alternatives to escape extreme weather conditions. Whether they are hidden inside a mountain or buried deep underground, here are 12 subterranean places in America that are hidden in plain sight.

1
Raven Rock Mountain Complex

Image: Ilagam

Did you know that in the 1950s, the US government carved out a secret underground city that could survive a nuclear attack? It’s called an "underground Pentagon", and very much like Area 51, it is one of the government's most classified projects.

This military complex and nuclear bunker is located near Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania, 768 feet below the ground. It’s protected by 23.5 ft thick 30-ton doors built on top of springs to survive the shock from a blast. Raven Rock has five buildings with 15 floors big enough to live and work. The base has everything it needs to keep running, like a cafeteria, a barbershop, water generators, and even a medical center.

2
SubTropolis

Image: mwewering

Below Kansas City, Missouri, lies the world's largest underground business complex. SubTropolis is a structure located inside a mine north of the Missouri River. It was carved out of limestone some 135 to 185 feet underground and covers a total of 55 million square feet.

Kansas City Chiefs founder Lamar Hunt built this subterranean city in the 1960s. It has offices, storage space, and even factories. Over 1,600 people work here every day, largely because SubTropolis remains cool all year, making it an ideal location for businesses. Fun fact: some of Hollywood’s most beloved masterpieces are kept here, including the original film reels of Gone with the Wind and The Wizard of Oz.

3
Underground Atlanta

Image: Ronny Sison

Underground Atlanta is a historic spot in downtown Atlanta, Georgia. It was built in the late 1800s, right after the Civil War, as a commercial district centered around the railroad. In the 1920s, viaducts were built and the streets were raised, creating a second level of streets, buildings, and shops.

During Prohibition, the abandoned underground space served as the best spot for speakeasies and juke joints. For decades, people forgot about the hidden city, but in the 1960s, it was brought back to life as a fun place for music bars and nightlife.

4
New York City Subterranean World

Image: Photographer: unknown, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Under America’s most populous city, there's a whole hidden world. For example, beneath Little Italy and the Public Library, there are secret vaults. Beyond the subway millions of people use daily, there is City Hall station, opened in 1904 and closed in 1945. It's a hidden gem with stained glass and mosaics that you can still visit by staying on the 6 train past the last stop.

But that’s not all! There are trading tunnels in SoHo and old cattle tunnels in the Meatpacking District. Also, in 1897, there were mail tubes built around the city to send letters between post offices that operated until the 1950s. Some of these underground spaces go as deep as 800 feet!

5
Permafrost Tunnel Research Facility

Image: Paxson Woelber

A large part of the land in the northern hemisphere is Permafrost, so it makes sense that there is a research facility specially built to study it. The Permafrost Tunnel in Alaska is the best place to learn about frozen soil that's over 40,000 years old.

The long tunnel was dug from 1963 to 1969 to study how to build and mine in frozen environments. Inside the facility, scientists study ice, ancient plants, and even bones from animals like mammoths. The tunnel shows different layers of earth, uncovering frozen ground from different time periods that help scientists anticipate what might happen as the world gets warmer.

6
The Greenbrier Bunker

Image: Alex Holzreiter

The Greenbrier Bunker in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, is a secret underground facility beneath a luxury hotel that has hosted numerous US presidents and famous guests. It was built during the Cold War to protect the US Congress in the event of a nuclear attack. The bunker was designed to house all 535 members of Congress and their staff for a long time.

This classified underground facility remained a secret until 1992, when a Washington Post article exposed it. Today, visitors can take tours to see special rooms, blast doors, and decontamination areas.

7
The Caverns

Image: jymy duhomme

Would you attend a concert underground? If you travel to Tennessee is totally possible! The Caverns, formerly known as Bluegrass Underground, is a very cool spot in Grundy County, Tennessee. Lying deep in a cave 333 feet underground, this concert venue with natural acoustics is the perfect place for live music.

People come from all over to hear a variety of performances, especially Bluegrass music. The Caverns can accommodate up to 1,200 people standing up and are equipped with state-of-the-art sound and lights. The cave's cool and quiet atmosphere makes the experience extra special!

8
Crystal City Underground

Image: Gustavo Alejandro Espinosa Reyes

Beneath the neighborhood of Crystal City, near Washington, DC, lies a network of shops, restaurants, and offices. It opened in 1976 and was designed to feel like an old shopping village with cobblestone streets and antique glass windows.

The underground space covers 150,000 square feet and connects several buildings. It's a popular spot for office workers and visitors, especially when the weather is bad. Unfortunately, in 2024, the shops closed, ending their retail era. Yet, the underground walkways and connections to the Metro remain open for pedestrians.

9
Los Angeles Prohibition Tunnels

Image: Alpha Perspective

In the 1920s, during Prohibition, people had to find ingenious ways around the restrictions on selling and consuming alcohol. That's why they built about 11 miles of underground tunnels right under Los Angeles.

Many of these subterranean sites are now closed, but you can still find a few hidden entrances around the city. You can even go on a tour to explore the tunnels and learn about their secret history.

10
Havre Beneath the Streets

Image: Đào Việt Hoàng

After a big fire in 1904 destroyed Havre’s business district in Montana, many shops moved underground. They used the old steam tunnels to stay safe from fires and bad weather. For years, the tunnels were busy with people and stores, such as saloons, drugstores, laundromats, and even a brothel. But today it is completely silent.

Fortunately, you can still visit what is left of this hidden city to see old shops and learn how people stayed safe and worked over 100 years ago. It's like going back in time!

11
Cheyenne Mountain Complex

Image: See page for author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

One of the safest places in the world is right here in America, more specifically in El Paso County, Colorado. Hidden inside a mountain, Cheyenne Mountain Complex was built in the 1960s to protect the US military from nuclear attacks.

The bunker stands under 2,000 feet of solid Granite, making it super strong and safe. It was once the command center for NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command). The complex has blast doors that weigh 25 tons each and can withstand a nuclear blast. It also has its own power, water, and food supply. People could survive there for months!

12
Forestiere Underground Gardens

Image: Levi Clancy, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

A Sicilian immigrant called Baldassare Forestiere spent 40 years digging and building a series of subterranean structures by hand in Fresno, California. Inspired by Roman catacombs and old wine cellars, he created around 65 rooms, tunnels, and courtyards to escape the hot summer sun.

The Gardens have fruit trees, grapevines, fishponds, and even a chapel. Some of the trees are more than 90 years old! Today, Forestiere Underground Gardens is a Historical Landmark you can visit if you want to discover a true underground paradise.

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