1

Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill)

Image: superneox lightsaber

Luke Skywalker is one of pop culture’s most beloved icons. In the first "Star Wars" movie, this young man goes from a life of solitude and safe boredom to a wondrous journey filled with lasers and space magic. Luke not only finds invaluable friends, mentors, and comrades, but he also discovers the purpose he has been looking for his entire life.

Mark Hamill portrayed this character for over 40 years, from his days as a young Jedi apprentice in 1977 "A New Hope", to Luke’s last days as a wise hermit in 2017 "The Last Jedi". You would think that being typecast for such a long time would discourage Hamil, but the actor seems to always be happy to portray Luke on the big screen.

2

Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford)

Image: Colton Jones

Indiana Jones proved to an entire generation that archaeologists can be cool too! Harrison Ford first brought this iconic adventurer to life in the 1981 classic "Raiders of the Lost Ark", and continued to portray him for 4 more films, with the last one in the series (so far) being released in 2023.

Indiana is instantly recognizable through his wide-brimmed fedora, his trusted whip, and his quick-witted sense of humor. There’s not much we can say about this character that’s not already common knowledge, so we’ll end this entry with a less-known fact: Did you know that Indy’s full name is Dr. Henry Walton Jones, Jr?

3

Superman (Christopher Reeve)

Image: Jon Tyson

While up to date over 13 actors have portrayed " the Man of Steel " on film since the character’s creation in 1938, a pretty strong argument could be made that Christopher Reeve’s performance in the 1978 movie "Superman" truly brought this iconic superhero to life.

Reeve was just perfect for the part: He effortlessly brought a level of nuance and depth to Superman while still maintaining the warmth and disposition that made him a pop culture icon. In the end, Reeve is able to show us that, just like every American hero, Superman’s main source of strength is his heart.

4

Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox)

Image: Roger Ce

Marty McFly , the quick-witted and hot-headed protagonist of the "Back to the Future" trilogy, was meant to represent a typical American teenager. And yet, Marty is by all means definitively way cooler than the average teenager: He is charismatic, an amazing guitar player (so much so that he "invented" rock n’ roll), and extremely proficient with his trusted skateboard.

Much of Marty’s legacy as a pop icon can be attributed to Michael J. Fox’s performance. This amazing actor was able to portray Marty’s coolness as well as his bravery, sensitivity, and daredevil ways. Almost 40 years have passed since the release of the first "Back to the Future", but most of us still get goosebumps whenever we see Marty and his iconic Delorean speeding up through time.

5

Ellen Ripley (Sigourney Weaver)

Image: Diego Marín

Few sci-fi characters inspire the awe and admiration that Ellen Ripley does. The very first movie in the Alien series depicts her as a cool-headed and strategic leader, who almost single-handedly manages to defeat one of the deadliest creatures in the universe.

As the films went on, Ripley’s guts and strength continued to grow, saving the Earth from a full-blown alien invasion on at least three different occasions. Portrayed by legendary actress Sigourney Weaver, Ripley is to this day considered to be one of the toughest characters in this genre’s history.

6

John McClane (Bruce Willis)

Image: Matt The Artist

Is John McClane the ultimate action hero? That’s definitively a heated debate, so it might be better to set that question aside for another article. However, no one can deny that Bruce Willis’ character in this groundbreaking series is one of the finest cops the NYPD has to offer.

Based on a character from the 1979 novel "Nothing Lasts Forever", John McClane is a sarcastic, wisecracking, and particularly skilled detective who finds himself in dangerous situations in which he is forced to single-handedly save the day. Willis has played McClane in five different films, which go from the original 1988 film to 2013’s "A Good Day to Die Hard".

7

Forrest Gump (Tom Hanks)

Image: Yosuke Ota

Some believe that Forrest Gump is the quintessential American protagonist, and with good reason: Whether it's his huge heart or a random stroke of luck, Forrest seems to always be at the right place at the right time. Not only that, but his personal story seems to be directly connected to major turning points during the latter half of the 20th century.

Portrayed by Tom Hanks in an outstanding performance that earned him an Academy Award, Forrest Gump is a simple-minded but warmhearted and extremely talented Alabama man who lives an extraordinary life. His search for his childhood love takes him on a journey throughout American history: Forrest teaches Elvis how to dance, helps expose the Watergate Scandal, and runs a three-year marathon across the United States.

8

The Man With No Name (Clint Eastwood)

Image: Luis Domenech

Let’s start this entry by addressing the elephant in the room: Yes, Clint Eastwood’s iconic cowboy character does have a name. In fact, he has several: In the three movies this laid-back and quiet gunslinger appears, he is called by several names including "Blondie", "Joe", and "Manco". However, the truth of the matter is that a man with many names is the same as a man with none, so in the end "The Man with No Name" seems like an appropriate title.

Eastwood played this taciturn antihero in "A Fistful of Dollars", "For a Few Dollars More", and "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly." While his most notable characteristic is his silent manners, he is also instantly recognizable by his poncho and tan cowboy boots.

9

Rocky Balboa (Sylvester Stallone)

Image: Zane Burko

Rocky’s story, both inside and outside the movie set, can be summed up into a single word: Resilience. In the first film, released in 1976, Rocky is an up-and-coming club boxer who risks it all at a shot at the heavyweight title. Likewise, Sylvester Stallone was a financially broke actor when he wrote the screenplay for "Rocky" in just three days. However, he resisted and persevered with his intent of playing the titular character, which eventually resulted in his most iconic movie role.

After the first movie became a huge hit, winning the Oscar for Best Picture, Stallone reprised this Philadelphia boxer in six different "Rocky" films. Not only that, Balboa has now taken on a mentor role in the franchise’s spin-off series "Creed".

10

Rick Blaine (Humphrey Bogart)

Image: Darius

We’ll end this article with an American legend. The 1942 film " Casablanca " is now considered one of the most influential films of all time: It is consistently on the top of lists of the best films in history, and it was selected for preservation by the U.S. Congress in the National Film Registry. In that regard, much of what made this film so unforgettable comes from Humphrey Bogart’s performance as Rick Blaine, a cynical American expatriate with a heart of gold living in Casablanca, Morocco.

Alongside Detective Sam Spade, Rick is perhaps Bogart's most iconic character. His seemingly bitter persona hides the pain of his long-lost love Ilsa Lund, wonderfully portrayed by Ingrid Bergman. In the end, Boggart helps Ilsa and her husband escape the German army, showing his good nature before leaving Casablanca.

1

"Louisiana Rain" by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers

Image: Liv Bruce

Iconic musician Tom Petty included this bittersweet track in his third album with the Heartbreakers, titled "Damn the Torpedoes". This 1979 track tells the story of a heartbroken narrator walking down the streets of an undisclosed Louisiana city.

Petty’s slightly scruffy voice goes perfectly with the song’s melancholic and slow tempo. The song’s sliding guitars and harmonica solos provide an amazing background for the song’s thoughtful lyrics, where Petty sings "may never be the same" when he reaches Baton Rouge.

2

"Montana Song" by Hank Williams Jr

Image: Michael Bourgault

While he was born in Louisiana, musician and songwriter Hank Williams Jr. seems to have a place in his heart for the unparalleled beauty of "the Treasure State" . After all, the lyrics to his 1975 track "Montana Song" speak about a lonesome man "going to Montana to rest my soul".

While Williams’ song definitively centers on the heartbreak the narrator feels after losing "that special someone", it is nearly impossible not to picture Montana’s snowy peaks and cold beauty when listening to this song.

3

"Jersey Girl" by Tom Waits

Image: Manisha Raghunath

We have included a fair share of songs about failing relationships in this article, so why don’t we provide some balance with this song about two lovers separated by the Hudson River? When Tom Waits wrote this song for his 1980s album "Heartattack and Vine", he was thinking of his future wife Kathleen Brennan, who, at the time, was living in New Jersey.

While the song is definitively slow-paced and melancholic, it is refreshing to hear Tom Waits’ ragged voice play the part of a man in love. In an interview, Waits admitted, "I never thought I would catch myself saying 'sha la la' in a song".

4

"New Hampshire" by Sonic Youth

Image: Suraj Gattani

Perhaps the most experimental song in this list, this 2004 track by rock band Sonic Youth features a myriad of electric guitars intertwined with singer Thurston Moore’s voice. "New Hampshire" goes from distorted rock riffs to more expansive and melodic interludes, all the while guided by a slow-paced beat.

The song’s lyrics describe the adventures of Steve and Joe, "the New Hampshire boys", and how they went "beyond/ Doing it for life". While the true meaning of the lyrics is enigmatic, many believe they refer to musicians Steven Tyler and Joe Perry, who met in New Hampshire and formed the band Aerosmith.

5

"New Mexico" by Johnny Cash

Image: Maddy Baker

If there’s one person in this list that needs no introduction, that’s the "Man in Black" . Johnny Cash’s song about "The Land of Enchantment", aptly named "New Mexico", tells the story of a young man from the town of Griffin traveling to this state for a summer job. Johnny’s characteristic deep voice narrates the prospect of a "pleasant summer out in New Mexico".

However, this is the point at which the narrator stops singing the praises of this state and instead narrates the perils and hardships he experienced in "the God-forsaken country they call New Mexico". Nevertheless, we all know that the parts of this song that describe the beauty of this state are a much more accurate representation of the real New Mexico.

6

"New York, New York" By Frank Sinatra

Image: Florian Wehde

This is perhaps the most famous song in this list. Everyone who has ever stepped into New York City, from the grumpy locals to the tourists dazzled by the lights of Times Square, has hummed this Frank Sinatra song at least once in their lifetime.

While it's true that the legendary Liza Minelli was the first one to perform "New York, New York" (as part of the soundtrack for the 1977 Scorsese film of the same name), Sinatra’s rendition is definitively the quintessential version of this song. His dulcet yet powerful voice perfectly describes the sense of wonder most people feel when they see New York City for the first time.

7

"Oklahoma Morning" by Charley Pride

Image: Raychel Sanner

There’s a lot to be said about this love letter to "The Sooner State", but Charley Pride can definitively say it better when he sings "That Oklahoma mornin' / Puts Oklahoma sunshine in my soul". This country song is truly a beloved homage to Oklahoma and is one of the many reasons why this iconic singer was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2000.

While the music and Pride’s voice are definitively remarkable, perhaps the true beauty of this song can be found in the lyrics: They perfectly describe the yellow sun and placid warmth of an Oklahoma morning before stating, "There ain't nothin' like an Oklahoma mornin'".

8

"Ohio" by The Black Keys

Image: Ben Shbeeb

Both members of the American rock duo The Black Keys were born and raised in Akron, Ohio, so it seems only natural that they felt the need to record their love for this state. Simply titled "Ohio", this song’s lyrics describe the homesickness the narrator feels about finding himself so far away from Ohio while begging for someone to "Get me home/ Before, before I lose my mind".

Singer Dan Auerbach's robust voice manages to turn the name of his home state into a powerful chorus. The guitar riffs seamlessly combine blues and rock chords, resulting in a melancholic but potent track.

9

"Eugene Oregon" by Dolly Parton

Image: everett mcintire

You might think that a Dolly Parton song in this list would probably center on her beloved Tennessee: Certainly, her 1972 track "My Tennessee Mountain Home" could have been a fitting choice. However, we have instead chosen a less-known song that focuses on another location dear to "The Queen of Country".

The very first line that Dolly sings in this song is "Eugene, Oregon, I'll remember you for the rest of my life". This perfectly encapsulates the tone of the lyrics: Parton expresses her gratitude to this city for its kindness whenever she felt homesick of her Tennessee hometown.

10

"Beautiful Texas" by Willie Nelson

Image: Roberta Guillen

We’ll end this list with a Texas institution. We could have easily chosen any of the songs included in the 1968 Willie Nelson album "Texas in My Soul" for this list: After all, the entire record is Nelson’s tribute to his home state, and is composed of standards and traditional songs that sing the praises of "The Lone Star State".

We ultimately chose "Beautiful Texas" because it truly shows the love Nelson has for this state. The entire lyrics describe Texas’ history and gorgeous scenery , from the "white cotton, green pastures, blue rivers" to the vast fields "where the beautiful bluebonnets grow".

1

​Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Every legal TV drama has a "You have the right to remain silent" moment. But that phrase actually became part of American culture thanks to a Supreme Court ruling. In 1963, American laborer Ernesto Miranda was arrested in Phoenix, Arizona, and questioned by police for several hours about a kidnapping and assault case. During the interrogation, officers did not tell him he had the right to remain silent or the right to speak with a lawyer. Miranda eventually signed a confession that was later used to convict him at trial.

His lawyers appealed, arguing that he had not been properly informed of his constitutional rights. In a narrow five-to-four ruling, the Supreme Court agreed. Chief Justice Earl Warren explained that police interrogations place heavy pressure on suspects, making safeguards necessary. The Court ruled that suspects must be informed of their rights before questioning begins. Today, the Mirada Rights warning is one of the best-known legal protections in the U.S.

2

​Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

For many decades, racial segregation in public schools was considered legal under the doctrine "separate but equal." In reality, schools for Black children were often underfunded and unequal in nearly every other way. The issue came to a head in Topeka, Kansas, when Oliver Brown tried to enroll his Black daughter Linda in a nearby white elementary school. She was denied admission because of segregation laws.

Brown joined other families in challenging school segregation with support from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP, whose legal team was led by Thurgood Marshall. The Supreme Court heard arguments from several related cases and faced enormous pressure because of the issue’s national importance. In 1954, Chief Justice Earl Warren delivered a unanimous decision declaring that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. The ruling overturned earlier legal precedent and became one of the most important decisions in American history, helping launch the modern Civil Rights Movement.

3

​Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

During the Vietnam War, protests and political debates spread across the country, including in public schools. In 1965, a group of students in Des Moines, Iowa, decided to wear black armbands to school to protest the war and support a Christmas truce. School officials quickly announced that students wearing the armbands would be suspended. Mary Beth Tinker and her brother John wore the armbands anyway and were suspended from school. Their family challenged the decision, arguing that the students’ First Amendment rights had been violated.

The case eventually reached the Supreme Court, which ruled seven to two in favor of the students. In 1969, Justice Abe Fortas wrote that students do not lose their constitutional rights when they enter a school building. The Court concluded that schools may only limit student expression if it seriously disrupts learning. The ruling became a major precedent protecting peaceful expression in public schools.

4

​Roe v. Wade (1973)

Before Roe v. Wade, abortion laws differed greatly from state to state, and many states severely restricted access to the procedures. The case began when, in 1969, a Texas woman, Norma McCorvey, challenged state laws under the pseudonym "Jane Roe." Texas only allowed abortions in cases where the mother’s life was in danger. Roe argued that the law violated constitutional protections for personal privacy.

The Supreme Court heard the case during a period of growing national debate over reproductive rights and government authority. In 1973, the Court ruled seven to two that the Constitution protects a woman’s right to privacy under the Fourteenth Amendment, including certain decisions about abortion. The justices created a legal framework balancing individual rights with state interests. Roe v Wade continued to be one of the most debated decisions in history. It was overturned by the Supreme Court in 2022 via the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization case, which eliminated the federal constitutional right to an abortion and allowed individual states to set their own abortion laws.

5

​Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)

Inequality based on race took all kinds of forms, and school desegregation was just the beginning of a long pursuit of justice and equality. As universities sought to address racial inequality in higher education during the 1970s, affirmative action policies became the subject of national debate. Alla Bakke, a white 30-year-old engineer from California, applied to the medical school at the University of California, Davis, and challenged its admissions program after being denied entry.

Bakke argued that the school’s racial quota system violated the Equal Protection Clause. In 1978, the Supreme Court ruled that strict racial quotas were unconstitutional, but also said race could still be considered as one factor among many in admissions decisions. The ruling shaped college admissions policies for decades. In 2023, however, the Court overturned much of that framework, via Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. Harvard College, ruling that race-conscious admissions programs at Harvard and the University of North Carolina violated the Constitution, bringing a major chapter of the affirmative action debate to a turning point.

6

​Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Before 1963, many Americans accused of serious crimes had no guaranteed right to a lawyer if they couldn’t afford one. Clarence Earl Gideon, an impoverished Missourian drifter, learned this firsthand after being charged with burglary in Florida. Too poor to hire an attorney, Gideon asked the court to appoint one for him, but the request was denied because state law only required lawyers in death penalty cases.

While incarcerated, he sent a handwritten petition to the Supreme Court arguing that his constitutional rights had been violated. The Court agreed to hear the case and ruled unanimously in his favor. The Justices declared that the Sixth Amendment guaranteed the right to legal counsel in serious criminal cases and that states must provide attorneys for defendants who cannot afford them. The ruling greatly expanded protections for ordinary citizens in the criminal justice system.

7

​Schenck v. United States (1919)

During WWI, the U.S. government became increasingly concerned about opposition to the military draft. Charles Schenck, a leader in the Socialist Party, distributed pamphlets encouraging drafted men to resist military service peacefully. He was arrested under the Espionage Act of 1917 and argued that his actions were protected by the First Amendment. But the Supreme Court didn’t see it that way.

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. explained that free speech rights are not unlimited, especially during wartime. In one of the most famous lines in Supreme Court history, Holmes stated that the law would not protect someone falsely shouting "fire" in a crowded theater and causing panic. The Court created the "clear and present danger" test, allowing the government to limit speech that creates an immediate threat to public safety or national security. The ruling became an important balance between civil liberties and public protection.

8

​McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

In the early years of the U.S., many Americans still viewed their states almost like separate countries. After the War of 1812, in 1816, the federal government created the Second Bank of the United States to help stabilize the economy. Several states opposed the national bank, including Maryland, which placed a heavy tax on it. James McCulloch, who worked at the Baltimore branch of the federal bank, refused to pay the tax , and the dispute reached the Supreme Court.

In 1819, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Congress had the authority to create the bank, even though the Constitution did not specifically mention national banks. He explained that the Constitution gives the federal government certain implied powers needed to carry out its duties. The Court also ruled that states could not tax federal institutions. The decision strengthened federal authority and helped create a more stable national economy at a time when the young country was still finding its footing.

9

​Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

In the 1820s, steamboats were transforming transportation and trade across the U.S. New York granted a monopoly, giving certain operators exclusive rights to run steamboats on its waters. Aaron Ogden operated a ferry service between New York and New Jersey under that monopoly. Thomas Gibbons began running a competing ferry service using a federal license, leading to a major legal battle. The case raised an important question: Could individual states control interstate trade, or did that authority belong to the federal government?

In 1824, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Gibbons. Chief Justice John Marshall declared that Congress alone has the power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court also defined commerce broadly to include navigation and transportation. The ruling prevented states from blocking trade across borders and helped create the open national economy Americans know today, making travel and business between states far easier and more consistent.

10

​Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Every time Americans expect the Constitution to protect their rights, they are relying on a principle established in Marbury v. Madison. Before 1803, nobody was entirely sure who had the final authority to decide whether a law violated the Constitution. That question arose during a tense transfer of power between Presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. In his final hours in office, Adams appointed several judges, including Maryland businessman William Marbury. Some appointment papers were never delivered before Jefferson took office, and he ordered his brand-new Secretary of State, James Madison, not to hand them over to the appointees.

Marbury sued, asking the Supreme Court to force Madison to deliver the documents. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Marbury deserved the position, but the law allowing the Court to hear the case directly was unconstitutional. In doing so, Marshall established judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to strike down laws that conflict with the Constitution.