Geography Geography 5 min read

Exploring the underworld

Would you explore a cemetery's catacombs? 10 underground must-sees

Image: Blake Cheek

We sometimes forget there is a whole world going on beneath our feet. Hidden from view lie underground marvels like caves hosting weddings, crystal-clear freshwater pools, and sidewalks of cities that no longer exist. Here, we explore 10 must-see underground sites in the U.S. Grab your flashlight, and let’s venture below the surface!

1
Seattle Underground City

Did you know the remnants of Seattle's original streets are still accessible? Beneath the bustling streets of modern-day Seattle lies the Underground City , a network of subterranean passageways that formed the ground level in the 1800s.

By the end of the 19th century, after the Great Seattle Fire, it was decided to rebuild the city at a higher elevation to combat frequent flooding . So, these original streets, sidewalks, and storefronts were buried, and with it, much of their history.

Guided tours take people through tunnels and ladders and retell real and eerie stories about the history of the Underground City.

2
Luray Caverns

Image: Robert Thiemann

Have you ever heard of the underground Stalacpipe Organ ? Not only is it a one-of-a-kind interaction between keyboards and cavern stalactites, but it is also the largest musical instrument in the world, according to Guinness World Records.

This instrument lives in the Luray Caverns, Virginia. It consists of an electric console that taps on these ancient stalactites of varying sizes to produce musical tones. A subterranean wonder, these caverns are also known for their extraordinary size , housing towering stalactites and stalagmites, mirrored pools, and delicate drapery-like calcite formations.

3
The Underground Gardens of Baldassare Forestiere

Image: Adrian Botica

This stunning subterranean retreat was built entirely by hand. Tucked under the sun-scorched landscape of Fresno, California, lie the Underground Gardens of Baldassare Forestiere . They are the life’s work of Baldassare Forestiere, a Sicilian immigrant who started digging in the early 1900s to escape the Central Valley's oppressive heat.

Over 40 years, drawing inspiration from ancient Roman catacombs , Forestiere carved an elaborate network of underground rooms, passageways, grottoes, and courtyards that span 10 acres.

A unique masterpiece, the gardens are open with guided tours that lead guests through beautifully designed spaces featuring skylights, arches, and alcoves. This oasis also boasts an array of fruit trees, including citrus, figs, and olives.

4
Ruby Falls

Image: Goodfreephotos_com

Colorful and breathtaking, the Ruby Falls is a geological wonder located inside Lookout Mountain near Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Hidden over 1,000 feet below the mountain's surface, this waterfall cascades 145 feet into a pool , making it one of the tallest underground waterfalls open to the public.

Visitors enter the mountain and descend via elevator. Then, they walk through stunning cave formations such as stalactites, stalagmites, and flowstone. At the waterfall chamber, multicolored lights –powered by renewable energy– illuminate the falls. Lantern-lit tours are also offered as a chance to visit the marvel with a different charm.

5
The Catacombs of Green-Wood Cemetery

Image: Joy Ernst

Arched tunnels of tranquil, sacred vaults lie beneath the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. Built in the mid-19th century, these catacombs were designed as a prestigious resting place for the city’s elite , prominent families.

While the catacombs are typically closed to the public, special events are sometimes organized to welcome visitors, such as art expositions, guided history tours, and candlelit tours seasoned with live music and storytelling.

Outside, where the sun does reach, await the serene landscapes and remarkable monuments of the cemetery, which is itself a National Historic Landmark .

6
The Lost Sea

Image: Roberto Nickson

The largest underground lake in America is in Tennessee. Hidden within the Craighead Caverns in Sweetwater, this enormous body of water lies in a cave system filled with fascinating formations, such as stalactites, stalagmites, and rare anthodites, also known as "cave flowers."

A National Natural Landmark, this lake marvels scientists, who are yet unaware of the exact extension of its waters. Those who visit can embark on a boat ride called "The Lost Sea Adventure," first walking inside the cavern before reaching a boat to navigate these ethereal sights.

7
Mammoth Cave National Park

Image: Sherin Jacob

The Mammoth Cave National Park is home to the longest cave system in the world . Located in central Kentucky, it extends over 420 miles of explored passages and many more likely undiscovered. Enormous chambers, underground rivers, a labyrinth of tunnels, and gypsum crystal formations can all be found at this site.

The park has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an International Biosphere Reserve. It also includes over 52,000 acres of protected land on the surface, renowned for its lush forests and diverse wildlife.

8
Carlsbad Caverns National Park

Image: Cason Asher

A large bat colony lives in the Carlsbad Caverns National Park in New Mexico, but that’s not its only charm. The park boasts over 100 caves, with its centerpiece being the immense Carlsbad Cavern.

The cavern includes the Big Room, one of the largest underground chambers in North America, spanning 8.2 acres. Visitors can descend via an emblematic natural entrance or by elevator, dropping 750 feet underground. Stalactite formations like the Giant Dome, the Hall of the White Giant, and the Chandelier are some of the caves' breathtaking highlights.

9
Indian Echo Caverns

Image: Magda Ehlers

The Indian Echo Caverns, which have been open to the public since the early 1920s, are carved into the limestone of the Appalachian Mountains. Located near Hummelstown, Pennsylvania, this site gets its name from the echoes heard within the cavern’s chambers , which were once believed to be mystical by Native American people in the area.

Unique, immersive sections of the caverns have names like the "Crystal Palace," the "Echo Room," and the "Wedding Room," where, yes, real weddings are sometimes held!

10
Wind Cave National Park

Image: Francesco Ungaro

Wind Cave National Park, located in the Black Hills of South Dakota, is one of the world’s largest caves, but that’s not what it’s most famous for. One signature sight here is the boxwork formation , a rare lattice-like pattern formed by calcite deposits.

The cave system stretches for over 140 miles, though much of it remains unexplored. Popular tours take guests through captivating features like the "Ribbon Room" and the "Crystal Palace."

Why is Wind Cave called that? Mainly due to the "wind" phenomenon that occurs at its entrance. The cave's air pressure causes the entrance to draw in or expel air, depending on atmospheric conditions.

Culture Culture 4 min read

Your beloved TV locations, in real life

10 TV show locations in America you can actually visit

Image: Ben Griffiths

Ever wondered what it would be like to walk in the footsteps of your favorite TV characters? Well, pack your bags and grab your camera, because these iconic television locations are real places you can visit across America . From diners to crime scenes to small-town squares, these spots bring your beloved shows to life in ways that'll make you feel like you've stepped right into the screen.

1
The diner from "Seinfeld" - New York City

Image: Peter Bond

Remember Tom's Restaurant, where Jerry, George, Elaine, and Kramer hatched their hilariously terrible plans over coffee and endless conversations about nothing ? It's a real place!

The restaurant has embraced its TV fame, and fans from around the world stop by daily to snap photos and enjoy a meal where sitcom history was made. Fair warning: the actual interior looks nothing like the show, but you’re still eating where Seinfeld characters theoretically ate!

2
Central Perk from "Friends" - Times Square, New York City

Image: Ilse Orsel

Friends fans, your dreams have come true: Central Perk now has a permanent location in Times Square where you can actually grab your morning coffee! Located at the northeast corner of 7th Avenue and 47th Street, this is the real deal—a functioning coffeehouse where you can sit near that iconic orange couch and pretend you're part of the gang. There's also a sister location in Boston, so if you're in either city, you can finally experience the coffee shop that was supposedly right there in New York all along.

3
The "Breaking Bad" car wash - Albuquerque, New Mexico

Image: Juliann Hervio

Walter White's car wash empire might have been built on crystal meth money, but the actual building is squeaky clean and still operating! Mister Car Wash (formerly Octopus Car Wash) at 9516 Snow Heights Circle NE in Albuquerque is where they filmed those tense scenes of Walt and Skyler's legitimate business venture. You can even get your car washed at the same spot where some of TV's most dramatic moments unfolded.

4
Luke's Diner from "Gilmore Girls" - Unionville, Ontario (okay, Canada, but close enough!)

Image: ayumi kubo

Coffee addicts and fast-talking fans of Gilmore Girls will be thrilled to know that Luke's Diner is real — sort of . The exterior shots were filmed at a building in Unionville, Ontario, just outside Toronto. The charming small-town main street where the diner sits perfectly captured that Stars Hollow magic, even if it technically wasn’t in Connecticut. The building now houses different businesses, but the streetscape remains wonderfully quaint and photogenic.

5
The "Full House" house - San Francisco, California

Image: Kyle Smith

The Tanner family's iconic Victorian home, with its unforgettable Painted Lady facade, is absolutely real and stands at 1709 Broderick Street in San Francisco's Lower Pacific Heights neighborhood. While the interior scenes were filmed on a set, the exterior is the genuine article and has become one of the most photographed houses in the city. Fans regularly make pilgrimages to stand across the street and recreate that opening credits moment.

6
Courthouse Square from "Back to the Future" - Universal Studios, California

Image: Roger Ce

Doc Brown's time-traveling DeLorean circles around Hill Valley's Courthouse Square in one of cinema's most memorable scenes, and you can visit that exact spot! The Courthouse Square is a standing set on the Universal Studios backlot in Los Angeles , and has been used in countless productions over the decades. On the studio tour, you'll recognize it instantly—it’s where Marty McFly skateboarded through 1955 and where the clock tower still stands.

7
Katz's Delicatessen from "When Harry Met Sally" - New York City

Image: Michał Kubiak

"I'll have what she's having" became one of the most famous movie lines ever uttered in a restaurant, and you can eat at that very same spot! Katz's Delicatessen, located at 205 East Houston Street on Manhattan's Lower East Side, is where Meg Ryan filmed that unforgettable scene. The deli has been serving up massive pastrami sandwiches since 1888, and they’ve marked the table where the scene was filmed with a sign that reads, "Where Harry met Sally… hope you have what she had!"

8
The "Twin Peaks" Double R Diner - North Bend, Washington

Image: DJ Paine

Fans of David Lynch's surreal masterpiece can grab a slice of cherry pie and "a damn fine cup of coffee" at Twede's Cafe in North Bend, Washington . This is the actual diner used for exterior and some interior shots of the Double R Diner, where Agent Cooper discussed his dreams and Deputy Hawk dispensed wisdom. After a 2000 fire, the diner was rebuilt and renovated, but it has maintained its Twin Peaks connection, which continues to draw fans from around the world.

9
The "Cheers" bar - Boston, Massachusetts

Image: Savann Prak

Sometimes you really do want to go where everybody knows your name, and you can do exactly that in Boston! T he Bull & Finch Pub, located at 84 Beacon Street beneath the Hampshire House, is the real bar that inspired the exterior of Cheers . There's even a replica Cheers bar in Faneuil Hall Marketplace for tourists who want the full experience.

Here’s the catch: the interior of the Bull & Finch Pub looks nothing like the TV show—those scenes were all filmed on a Hollywood soundstage. But the Faneuil Hall location recreated the TV set’s interior, so if you want to feel like you’re really stepping into the show, that’s your best bet.

10
The Biltmore Hotel from "Mad Men" - Los Angeles, California

Image: Stephanie Klepacki

Don Draper and the gang from Sterling Cooper certainly knew how to pick a sophisticated meeting spot, and the Millennium Biltmore Hotel in downtown Los Angeles was one of their favorites.

The Biltmore is still a functioning luxury hotel where you can book a room, grab a cocktail at the bar, or simply wander through the stunning public spaces. It has hosted Academy Awards ceremonies, presidential candidates, and countless Hollywood events over its nearly 100-year history.

General General 6 min read

Don’t break the law

Home haircuts are technically a felony, and so are all these small things

Image: Michał Jakubowski

Maybe you think of yourself as a law-abiding citizen who stays on the straight and narrow, but the truth is that the American legal system is full of weird rules that might catch you off guard. From honking without a real reason to cutting your partner’s hair, there are dozens of little things we do every day that could be considered a felony . Most of these laws were written a long time ago with good intentions, but they seem somewhat outdated today. Join us as we learn these offenses that could make an "outlaw" out of any common citizen.

1
Being annoying

Image: Andre Hunter

We all have bad days where our mood goes south, but in Florida, you’d better keep those frustrations to yourself . Ever since 1832, the Sunshine State has had a broad nuisance statute that classifies anything that "annoys the community, injures public health, or corrupts public morals" as a second-degree misdemeanor. Of course, the law was intended to address community hazards like toxic waste disposal or unsafe buildings. Modern enforcement targets environmental hazards and serious health violations. Personal annoyances are off-limits, since what qualifies as "annoying" is completely subjective.

2
Honking with no purpose

Image: Hitanshu Patel

We’ve all used our car horn to wave at a neighbor or used it to vent a little frustration in traffic. However, in New Jersey, according to their traffic code, your horn is legally reserved for safety warnings only . In this state, using it for any non-emergency reason is technically a traffic violation since 1968. Unless you are trying to prevent a fender-bender or warn a distracted driver, it is best to keep your hands off the steering wheel's center and just give a friendly wave instead.

3
Dangling car decorations

Image: Daniel Hobiera

If you have a pine-scented air freshener or a set of graduation tassels swinging from your rearview mirror, you might be looking at a ticket in some states. Laws vary across the country, but for example, in California, the law states that there cannot be anything obstructing the view through the windshield or side window . This rule is part of the California Vehicle Code, enforced in 1959. In Texas, the regulation is similar according to the state Transportation Code, and Minnesota, in turn, has had a law since 1957 making it strictly illegal to hang anything from the mirror. Nobody has anything against a nice-smelling car or a beautiful lucky charm, but when they obstruct your view , that’s a problem for everyone on the road.

4
Handling a stranger’s mail

Image: sue hughes

It’s not unusual to find a stack of letters addressed to the person who lived in your house three years ago, right? Now, your first instinct might be to toss it in the bin . Believe it or not, that’s a big no-no since 1948, clearly stated in the U.S. Code. Tossing out mail intended for someone else into the garbage is considered a federal felony, and penalties can be severe, including up to five years in federal prison and fines up to $250,000. The proper way to proceed is to write "refused" or "return to sender" on the envelope and let the post office take it from there.

5
Forgetting to tell the DMV you moved

Image: Erik Mclean

Life gets busy and messy when you move to a new house, so it’s easy for updating your driver's license to fall to the bottom of the to-do list. However, in most states, you are legally required to notify the DMV of your change of address within a very short window, usually ten to thirty days . In California, for example, you must do this within ten days. If you get pulled over and your license doesn't match your current address, you could get a fine. Time really flies when moving, but make sure to write this on the very top of your to-do list, and you’ll be fine!

6
Letting the engine on

Image: Carbyn Wu

Isn’t it common to start the car on a frosty morning to let it warm up while you finish getting ready? Well, if you do this, you’re technically breaking the law in some states: since 2004, in Ohio and Colorado, this is actually a citable offense known as "puffing." Leaving an unattended vehicle idling in your driveway is illegal because it invites car theft and contributes to unnecessary exhaust emissions. If you want to get the heater going, the law expects you to stay right there in the driver's seat until you’re ready to pull away.

7
Prank pizzas

Image: Mariya

In Louisiana, ordering a stack of pizzas to be delivered to an unsuspecting friend as a prank is more than just a lousy joke; it’s a crime. Believe it or not, there’s a reason behind this law. Passed in 2018, the Louisiana Revised Statute was specifically written to protect small businesses from losing time and money on fake orders. Can you imagine how annoying it must be to deal with a pranked customer who doesn’t want the five pizzas they got out of the blue? Even if it started as a joke, the authorities now view it as a form of theft that can result in a fine of up to $500, imprisonment for up to six months, or both.

8
Playing hairdresser

Image: Gabriela

If you’ve ever offered to give a friend a quick perm or some highlights in your kitchen, you might be an accidental criminal. In the US, performing any kind of cosmetology service on another person without a professional license is illegal. Forms of enforcement and penalties depend on each state, but most follow the rules established by the National-Interstate Council of State Boards of Cosmetology, which grants licenses following pertinent examinations. Of course, a bangs cut is not always a problem, but these kinds of regulations were created to ensure that chemicals and sharp tools are handled safely by trained experts.

9
No-hands bike riding

Image: Florian Kurrasch Disponible para contratación

Riding a bike is fun, especially for kids who like to do tricks and take both hands off the handlebars. But in North Carolina, that’s a traffic violation, according to the city code. The statute requires cyclists to keep at least one hand on the grip at all times to maintain control of the bike. Fines for this behavior can go up to $50 and even imprisonment for up to 30 days. Riding a bike without using your hands might feel like a fun way to show off skills, but the consequences can be serious.

10
Tossing out old batteries

Image: Syed Ahmad

When the remote dies, most people are tempted to just drop the old batteries into the kitchen trash can, but you might want to think that over, especially if you live in California. As of 2005, in this state, household batteries are classified as hazardous waste because they contain chemicals that leak into the soil. The California Rechargeable Battery Recycling Act requires you to take them to a proper recycling center instead of the regular landfill. It takes a little more effort to do the right thing, but it keeps the local environment a lot cleaner for everyone.

11
Lending your Wi-Fi password

Image: Dreamlike Street

You’ve just moved, and you ask your friendly neighbor to share their Wi-Fi password until your internet is set up. That’s pretty common, but that’s also been a felony since 1986. The feds view this as unauthorized access to a computer network . Under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, jumping on a signal you don't have explicit and formal permission to use is technically a crime. It’s better to stick to the local coffee shop than risk a run-in over a bit of borrowed bandwidth.

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