History History 5 min read

A LESSON IN CULTURE HISTORY

Travel back in time to the fads and movements that defined America!

Image: Florida Memory

Do you remember the fads from your childhood and teenage years? Think back on those toys, objects, and clothing items that were once so dear to you: They might seem tacky or downright ridiculous now, but they surely hold a special place in our memories. America has gone through some rather spectacular fads and movements in the past century, so we have selected 10 of the most era-defying fads in our country’s history. We hope they bring back some good memories! Enjoy!

1
The Roaring Twenties

Image: Carrie Borden

We’ll begin with one of the first fads invented right here in America. The 1920s in America were characterized by a period of prosperity and well-being that resulted in a dynamic and distinct cultural rise in major American metropolises. There’s a reason why this period was known as "The Roaring 20s": It signified an upheaval in American music, arts, and fashion.

The 20s saw the birth of avant-garde art forms like jazz music, as well as groundbreaking novels by authors like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway. This era is also remembered for the surge of the "Flapper" subculture: Modern, young women with a more carefree attitude toward entertainment.

2
Pin-up models

Image: Florida Memory

Who do you think about whenever you think of the word "pin-up model"? Chances are your answer is Marilyn Monroe or Betty Grable : After all, they both got their start as pin-up models, portrayed in thousands of mass-produced photographs. However, these actresses helped cement the notion of what defines a pin-up model, now considered to be an essential icon in American pop culture history.

Pin-ups defined the aesthetic of an entire period, present in everything from movies to advertisements. Not only that, pin-up models were often depicted on the side of American fighter planes during World War 2, helping raise the morale of our troops.

3
Greasers

Image: Sümeyye Candan

Although the word "greaser" definitively got its start as a derogatory term for this subculture, it ended up being the name of one of America’s most beloved periods. The 1950s are still revered as a golden age by millions of Americans, particularly because of the surge of many icons that make our country so wonderful: Things like Cadillacs, Rock N’ Roll music, and soda fountains were all born in this era.

In that sense, the "Greaser" look was heavily influenced by musicians and actors like Elvis Presley and James Dean . Greasers would showcase their fast motorcycles, stylish hairstyles, and leather jackets wherever they went. By the 1970s, this style was so well-known that it provided the basis of one of America’s favorite TV characters: Fonzie, perhaps now considered the quintessential greaser.

4
The Hippie movement

Image: Jamie Street

The Hippie movement is synonymous with 1960s America: This subculture influenced almost every art form during this period, from music to television, film, and literature. While it is nowadays mostly looked at as an aesthetic or cultural movement, the influence of hippies in American politics and society shouldn’t be overlooked.

Perhaps the biggest representatives of the hippie movement are those groundbreaking bands and musicians aligned with this movement, like Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, or Jefferson Airplane. Hippies were also characterized by their groundbreaking fashion, which featured bell-bottom jeans, sunglasses, and colorful shirts.

5
Beatnik movement

Image: Pereanu Sebastian

Speaking of hippies, let’s take a little detour and focus on an American artistic movement that laid the foundation from which the hippie movement emerged. Much like with "greaser," the term "beatnik" was first coined as an insult, aimed at followers of the "Beat Generation," a literary movement that included names like Jack Kerouac or William S. Burroughs.

The beatnik subculture had a defining image, often exaggerated by detractors: Think about the caricature of a modern poet, complete with a black turtleneck, beret, and bongos, and you’ll be thinking about a stereotypical beatnik. Regardless, historians believe that the term "hippie" comes from "hipsters," which is a term first used to describe the beatnik subculture.

6
The 80s

Image: Eric Nopanen

Fashion during the 1980s can be best summed up by this phrase from Charles Dickens's "A Tale of Two Cities": "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times." While it can’t be denied that this decade brought forward groundbreaking styles to music, films, and culture, it should also be noted that some of these changes were extreme, to say the least. At the end of the day, whether the 80s were good or bad will ultimately depend on who you are asking.

Personally, we would like to focus on those 80s things that we absolutely love: Things like synthesizer music, mullet hairstyles, and neon-bright clothing. This decade was also the birthplace of several subcultures, including the post-punk, preppy, and new-wave movements.

7
The 90s

Image: Panos Sakalakis

If the 70s and 80s were characterized by their loud and flamboyant styles, the 90s were defined by a more minimalist approach: Bands like Nirvana or Pearl Jam helped promote the "grunge" aesthetic, which featured simple items of clothing like jeans, flannel shirts or hoodies.

Although definitively minimalist, the 90s were also the birthplace of subcultures like the goth movement. During this era, numerous extreme sports like skateboarding gained popularity, in line with this decade’s alternative outlook on culture.

8
Disco

Image: Dustin Tramel

Ready to dance "The Hustle"? The late 60s and early 70s were determined by the emergence of one of America’s most remembered subcultures. While disco music first appeared in New York City and Philadelphia, it quickly swept over the nation: Think of a tornado filled with disco balls, roller skates, and nightclubs, and you might be able to paint a picture of how influential this subculture was.

Although disco got its start in iconic nightclubs like Studio 54, it soon expanded to other mediums like movies and television. Most notably, shows like "Soul Train" helped promote this genre’s appeal, while films like "Saturday Night Fever" cemented the ultimate aesthetic of the disco subculture.

9
Digital age

Image: Xiong Yan

We have now arrived at our modern times ! The advent of the internet represented such a groundbreaking innovation in our everyday lives that it stands to reason that the digital age also influenced many of our fads and movements. The late 2000s and early 2010s were determined by this new massive access to information, which completely changed the way we consume culture and entertainment.

In that sense, this new, instant way to share information immediately meant that culture was now not only limited to geographical locations: Your favorite band or fashion icon could easily live on the other side of the world. This cultural exchange resulted in a rich and diverse movement, which is still developing to this very day.

10
All those wonderful memories…

Image: COSMOH LOVE

We have reserved the final entry on this list for the many objects that defined each of these decades. It is sometimes easier to picture an era through a specific item: Think about the 50s and their timeless jukeboxes, or the 90s and the above-mentioned flannel shirts.

In that sense, we have selected a few of our top picks. Some, like the Hula Hoop or the Frisbee, have truly transcended time: Although they were created decades ago, they are still thoroughly enjoyed by children and adults alike. Time hasn’t been that kind with others, though, like with the now practically extinct Tamagotchi. This digital pet was all the rage during the late 90s and early 2000s, but it ultimately fell into obscurity thanks to other digital mediums.

General General 3 min read

Life finds a way

From raccoons to foxes: take a look at 12 types of "urban wildlife"

Image: jennifer uppendahl

For many Americans, seeing a black bear scratching its back on a pole in a city street is not that strange. Many mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects that eat a wide variety of foods are moving in and changing their behaviors as they learn urban survival skills.

1
Coyotes

Image: Ray Hennessy

Coyotes have a natural talent for survival, and they are built to thrive in any environment, including cities where food is readily available everywhere.

As it has been noticed multiple times, coyotes have deciphered how semaphors work and wait for the red light to cross the street.

2
Black bears

Image: Bruce Warrington

Studies have shown that female black bears living in urban areas aged one to one and a half years weighed nearly twice as much as their country counterparts. Some of those urban female bears produced cubs, while none of the rural bears of the same age reproduced.

Curiously, bears seem to know when it is trash day and will scavenge for food in trash cans on those dates specifically.

3
Raccoons

Image: Ralf Volkmer

Raccoons that live in urban environments are more exploratory than their country cousins, taking more time to investigate the squares. Some raccoons even figure out how to yank bungee cords off of trash cans .

These city animals are also more social, traveling in pairs more often than their rural relatives.

4
Bald eagles

Image: Alexas_Fotos

Believe it or not, in the 1960s, the bald eagle was on the verge of extinction due to the use of pesticides. But since those pesticides have been banned, their population has rebounded, and they're no longer on the list of endangered species.

City eagles need only a place to nest and a clean source of food, which can even be a trashcan, and they’ve figured out how to use city infrastructure like cellphone towers, bridges, and cranes along waterways .

5
Pigeons

Image: Dawood Javed

Possibly the most urban animal on the list, aside from rats, pigeons are uniquely suited to urban life. They can recognize human faces , so they know which people have fed them before.

These creatures have an incredible ability to distribute themselves, so there are never more pigeons than available food. A park with twice as much food as another park will also have twice as many pigeons.

6
Booklice

Image: Brett Jordan

Whether we see it or not, our homes are filled with insect life. One of them, booklice, has found that the starch in book bindings makes an ideal food source.

Booklice have adapted to suck the moisture directly out of the air and can live off that vapour for three weeks, avoiding dehydration.

7
Squirrels

Image: Mark Brennan

Squirrels and urban environments have gotten along for a long time now. There’s ample food and shelter, and few natural predators. They’ve learned to live in much greater densities in cities than they do in other environments, and they can tell which humans will feed them .

8
Sparrows

Image: Carlos Quintero

The sparrows that live in New York City have become night owls, staying out later to feed because the bright lights around buildings draw plenty of insects .

9
Rats

Image: Joshua J. Cotten

Almost no one would call a rat clean, but contrary to popular belief, city rats tend to carry fewer diseases and parasites than rural ones because they have less contact with livestock excrement from farms, and their human neighbors don’t harbor many parasites.

10
Ospreys

Image: KaroGraphix Photography

Ospreys have seen their numbers grow in North America partially because they have forsaken trees in favor of building their 250-pound nests on power poles, cell phone towers, channel markers , and other human-made structures.

11
Crows

Image: Veronica Dudarev

Crows are very smart creatures, and they have learned to use the city infrastructure to their advantage. These birds drop nuts and bones from great heights to crack the hard outer shells so that they can reach the food inside. City crows simply drop the previously impenetrable food into the street and let the cars crack it open .

12
Tomcods

Image: John Werner

Nature can adapt to almost anything, and tomcods are living proof of this. A very polluted segment of the Hudson River is home to these humble fish, who have adapted to its contaminated waters through genetic variations that allow them to thrive in such conditions.

Geography Geography 3 min read

Don’t believe the movies

Debunking myths about the state of California

Image: zoe pappas

California inspires big dreams and even bigger expectations. Beaches that stretch forever, celebrities roaming freely, and the long-standing promise that anyone can "make it" there. But as much as the Golden State shines, it also carries a bushel of myths that don’t survive contact with reality. Ready for a myth-busting tour?

1
The entire coastline is made of glorious sandy beaches

Image: Jeremy Bishop

California’s coastline is long, gorgeous, and wildly varied. Much of it is dominated by cliffs, rocky shores, and chilly waters. Even many popular beaches require a wetsuit if you actually want to get in the water.

Yes, some stretches are ideal for volleyball and sunbathing, but others are better suited to photography.

2
Celebrities are everywhere and happy to mingle

Image: Bibi

It’s tempting to imagine Los Angeles as one giant red-carpet event, but daily life looks a lot more ordinary. Celebrities tend to live in gated communities, travel in private cars, and pick very discreet places to relax.

You might spot one, but you’re far more likely to meet tourists looking for celebrities than actual celebrities themselves.

3
Move to Hollywood and become a star overnight

Image: Edgar Colomba

Hollywood is full of dreamers, but most of them are hustling on the side, waiting tables, doing gig work, and going to audition after audition.

Fame is rarely instant. It’s more like a very long, very competitive marathon that most people don’t see unless they live there.

4
Move to Silicon Valley and become an overnight startup whiz

Image: Nils Huenerfuerst

It’s true that Silicon Valley is packed with entrepreneurs and investors. But it’s also full of failed startups, intense work schedules, and fierce competition.

Raising money is tough, building a product is tougher, and surviving long enough to succeed is almost heroic. The myth of "instant unicorn status" is just like the myth of instant movie stardom.

5
The weather is sunny and perfect year-round

Image: Roberto Nickson

California’s climate varies dramatically. Coastal fog in the Bay Area can last all day, winter rainstorms sweep through the north, inland valleys hit triple-digit heat, and wildfire season is a yearly threat.

6
Traffic is terrible, everywhere

Image: Aleksandr Popov

The traffic horror stories from Los Angeles are quite real, but they’re not universal. California is huge, and plenty of mid-sized cities and rural areas have perfectly manageable commutes. Even in LA, traffic ebbs and flows.

7
Californians go to Disneyland every other weekend

Image: Isaac Garcia

Disneyland may be magical, but it’s also expensive, crowded, and logistically complex. Most residents go once in a while, not as a biweekly ritual. Sure, annual passholders exist, but they’re the exception.

8
You’ll find palm trees everywhere

Image: Mitchell Luo

Palm trees are iconic, but they’re not the dominant tree across the state. Many were imported, and Los Angeles’ famous palms are aging out and not being widely replaced. Walk outside the major tourist zones, and you’ll see oaks, pines, sycamores, and far fewer "tropical vacation" vibes than the postcards suggest.

9
Movies are being filmed on every corner

Image: clement proust

You may stumble across a film crew once in a blue moon, but the vast majority of production happens on studio lots or in specifically chosen neighborhoods. Filming permits are expensive, traffic control is complicated, and spontaneous street-corner movie shoots aren’t as common as people think.

10
Everyone is a surfer

Image: Jacob Steckmann

Surfing is a proud part of California culture, but not a universal one. Many residents have never touched a surfboard, and the cold Pacific waters can be intimidating even for the brave. The idea that everyone wakes up, grabs a board, and runs to the beach is more Hollywood montage than real life.

11
Everyone lives close to the ocean

Image: Jonathan Schmer

California’s population is spread across vast inland regions, including the Central Valley, Sacramento, and the Inland Empire, which are all hours away from the coast. Plenty of Californians only see the ocean during vacation.

12
The food is all organic, clean, and hyper-healthy

Image: Jannis Brandt

Yes, you’ll find green juices, vegan cafés, and farm-to-table everything. But California is also home to drive-thrus, giant burritos, and some of the most indulgent comfort food around. The "everyone eats quinoa and sunshine" trope doesn’t hold up once you explore beyond the trendy spots.

13
Everyone commutes by bike, skateboard, or electric scooter

Image: Hiboy

It looks cool in TV shows, but in reality, most Californians commute by car. Public transportation is limited outside a few areas, and long distances make biking impractical for many.

14
Everything in California is incredibly expensive

Image: Martin Zenker

Housing in places like San Francisco is famously pricey, but California also includes smaller cities and rural communities where the cost of living is much closer to the national average.

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