General General 4 min read

SAVORING THE PAST

The Great American Menu: 10 Hearty Meals That Shaped a Nation

Image: Annie Spratt

Isn’t the fastest way to the heart of a nation through its stomach? From coast to coast, the United States has a rich tapestry of culinary traditions that reflect its diverse history and cultural influences. These hearty meals not only fill our bellies but also help tell a vital part of our history , where the blend of innovation and tradition has produced both fresh takes on classic recipes and completely new culinary creations. Let's embark on a savory journey through 10 iconic dishes that are as American as… well…

1
Apple Pie

Image: Patrick Fore

No dessert is more synonymous with American culture than the humble apple pie. Dating back to the colonial era, this sweet treat has evolved from simple fruit-filled pastries to an unofficial symbol of the United States. Whether served à la mode with a scoop of vanilla ice cream or enjoyed on its own, apple pie remains a beloved classic for Americans of all ages.

2
Cheeseburger

Image: Christian Wiediger

While the two basic ingredients that make a hamburger—bread and beef— have been present in the cuisine of most cultures for millennia, historical evidence suggests that the first country where the two were combined into a "hamburger sandwich" was the United States.

However, it was the addition of cheese that catapulted this culinary creation to legendary status. Whether topped with cheddar, American, or blue cheese, the cheeseburger represents the spirit of affordability and innovation that defines American cuisine.

3
Clam Chowder

Image: Louis Hansel

Consumed by Americans at least since the early 19th century, clam chowder is a creamy soup brimming with fresh clams, potatoes, and onions. Although the most popular version of this dish hails from the shores of New England , there are many other regional variations like the Manhattan or Rhode Island clam chowder.

Served in a bread bowl or alongside oyster crackers, this comforting dish has warmed the hearts of generations, earning its place as a regional favorite.

4
Fried Chicken

Image: Shardar Tarikul Islam

Crispy on the outside and tender on the inside, fried chicken is a Southern staple that has captured the hearts (and taste buds) of food lovers nationwide. The origin of this popular dish in the Southern states has been linked to similar recipes from Scottish and West African cuisines.

Today, thanks in part to brands like Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) and Popeyes, fried chicken has become a beloved classic enjoyed across the country and around the world, while still retaining its deep-rooted popularity in the South.

5
Jambalaya

Image: stu_spivack, CC BY-SA 2.0

Hailing from the Louisiana bayou, jambalaya is a flavorful one-pot dish that combines rice with an array of meats, seafood, and vegetables. According to linguists, its curious name comes from the Provençal language —spoken in modern southeastern France—meaning something like a mixup.

While there is some evidence that points to the origin of this dish being the French Quarter of New Orleans, what is certain is that it reflects the complex cultural tapestry of the South , with influences from French, Spanish, and West African cuisines.

6
Pot Roast

Image: charlesdeluvio

A quintessential Sunday supper, pot roast is a slow-cooked marvel that transforms tough cuts of beef into melt-in-your-mouth perfection. Simmered alongside hearty vegetables—often carrots, potatoes, and onions—in a savory broth, this comforting dish has been bringing American families together for generations.

Similar recipes are found in many cultures, but the origin of the "Yankee pot roast," is often thought to be a local variation of the French dish boeuf à la mode ****, also influenced by German sauerbraten and traditional Jewish cuisine.

7
Shepherd's Pie

Image: JIP, CC BY-SA 4.0

Shepherd's pie, with its comforting layers of seasoned ground meat, vegetables, and creamy mashed potatoes, has long been a staple of American comfort food. Originally hailing from the British Isles—where it was made of lamb meat— this hearty dish found its way to American tables, where it quickly became a timeless classic.

Whether enjoyed on a cold winter's night or as a crowd-pleasing potluck dish, shepherd's pie warms the soul with its hearty flavors and rustic charm.

8
Cornbread

Image: Nik Owens

Cornbread holds a special place in American cuisine, particularly in the South, where it's considered a culinary cornerstone. Made from a simple mixture of cornmeal, flour, milk, and eggs, cornbread is a versatile accompaniment to countless meals , from barbecue ribs to fried chicken.

With origins in Native American cuisine , the role of cornbread as a pillar of the Southern diet emerged mostly out of necessity, as the heat and humidity of the region made it almost impossible to store wheat for long periods of time.

9
Macaroni and Cheese

Image: Ronaldo de Oliveira

Few dishes evoke nostalgic memories quite like macaroni and cheese. By simply combining tender pasta with a creamy cheese sauce, this childhood favorite has been delighting taste buds for generations.

While its origins can be traced back to Europe, macaroni and cheese became an American household staple during the 20th century , thanks in part to its convenience and affordability.

10
Meatloaf

Image: 4marknelson, CC BY-SA 4.0

Meatloaf, with its hearty blend of ground meat, breadcrumbs, and savory seasonings, is the epitome of classic American food. Originating in traditional German, Scandinavian, and Belgian cuisines , the dish as we know it today was likely first prepared in colonial Pennsylvania, using a mixture of ground pork and cornmeal.

This humble but nourishing dish has graced dinner tables all across the nation, and to this day remains a favorite for its simplicity and budget-friendly ingredients.

General General 4 min read

Beyond the Preamble

The amendment that took 200 years and other intriguing Constitution facts

Image: Anthony Garand

The Constitution is undoubtedly one of the most important documents in our history —and in our present! But even if we think we know everything about it, there are still some surprising details that might shock even the most knowledgeable history fans. Did you know that the 27th Amendment, which is also the last one, took more than 200 years to be ratified? Join us to uncover 10 fascinating facts about the Constitution that many people don't know about!

1
10/12

Image: Sue Winston

We know that the Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, but did you know that Congress originally proposed 12 amendments? That's right! Yet, the states ratified only 10, leaving two out.

But here's the interesting part: One of these unratified amendments —the one concerning congressional compensation— was ratified more than 200 years later! In 1992, it became the 27th Amendment, which is also the last one.

2
World record

Image: Pierre Bamin

Our Constitution was signed in the 18th century, and while we know it's been a long time, what you might not know is that it is considered the world's oldest written national constitution still in effect today.

With various changes and amendments added over the years, this document not only defined the ideals of our nation but also earned us a world record!

3
The youngest

Image: MJ S

The men who signed this historic document were of varying ages. In fact, the age difference between the youngest and oldest signer was a remarkable 55 years!

The youngest to sign was attorney Jonathan Dayton of New Jersey, who was 26 years old at the time. Do you want to know who was the oldest? Keep reading!

4
The oldest

Image: Adam Nir

Well, as we mentioned, there was a 55-year age gap between the youngest and oldest signers of the US Constitution.

Do you know who the oldest was? That's right, Benjamin Franklin! He was a distinguished 81 years old when he signed this historic document.

5
500 copies

Image: Christa Dodoo

The original Constitution had 500 copies printed for distribution, made by the Founding Fathers themselves. They distributed those copies to members of Congress and state legislatures. Of those 500 original copies, however, only 13 are known to exist today. We have to say that, given that more than 230 years have passed, it's impressive that so many have survived!

6
How much?

Image: Jp Valery

Logically, since so few original copies remain, they ' re incredibly rare and valuable. In fact, one of these original documents was sold in 2021, and you won't believe its price!

You might have imagined it was sold for $5 million, maybe $10 million. But no, this invaluable copy went for $43.2 million. With that sale, it also became the most expensive historical document ever sold at an auction.

7
30 bucks

Image: Barry A

The person who transcribed the original US Constitution signed in 1787 had an important job, didn't he? The man who accomplished this major deed was Jacob Shallus, a clerk of the Pennsylvania General Assembly at the time. He was responsible for taking the text drafted by the Founding Fathers and transcribing it onto parchment: over 4,000 words scribbled down entirely by hand! Surprisingly, he was paid just $30 for this task.

8
Let's celebrate

Image: Kelly Sikkema

In 1789, long before Thanksgiving became an official national holiday, President George Washington issued a proclamation declaring November 26 as a day to give thanks. As it was an occasion for national gratitude, he also encouraged citizens to celebrate the birth of the new nation and the recently established Constitution.

9
A spelling issue

Image: Katherine McAdoo

Being a text from so long ago, some words —particularly proper nouns— may have changed slightly since the Constitution was first drafted. This was the case for the state of Pennsylvania, which is spelled as "Pensylvania" in the original document. However, while some may consider it a misspelling today, it was actually an accepted spelling for the state's name in the 18th century.

Fun fact: You can also find "Pensylvania" engraved on the Liberty Bell!

10
The Father of the Constitution

Image: Richard Hedrick

"The Father of the Constitution" is one of the nicknames given to James Madison, one of our Founding Fathers. And it's these very words that appear on the rare $5,000 bill.

Although this bill is no longer in circulation, if you are lucky enough to get your hands on one, you'll read "James Madison, The Father of the Constitution" next to the portrait of the 4th U.S. President.

Geography Geography 6 min read

Sub-America

Did you know there are hidden underground cities in the US?

Image: Harrison Haines

Some cities are so top secret they can’t even be found on a map. Subterranean cities have existed throughout human history, and in the United States, we have a few amazing examples. Some are bunkers built during the Cold War to survive nuclear attacks, others were born as ingenious alternatives to escape extreme weather conditions. Whether they are hidden inside a mountain or buried deep underground, here are 12 subterranean places in America that are hidden in plain sight.

1
Raven Rock Mountain Complex

Image: Ilagam

Did you know that in the 1950s, the US government carved out a secret underground city that could survive a nuclear attack? It’s called an "underground Pentagon", and very much like Area 51, it is one of the government's most classified projects.

This military complex and nuclear bunker is located near Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania, 768 feet below the ground. It’s protected by 23.5 ft thick 30-ton doors built on top of springs to survive the shock from a blast. Raven Rock has five buildings with 15 floors big enough to live and work. The base has everything it needs to keep running, like a cafeteria, a barbershop, water generators, and even a medical center.

2
SubTropolis

Image: mwewering

Below Kansas City, Missouri, lies the world's largest underground business complex. SubTropolis is a structure located inside a mine north of the Missouri River. It was carved out of limestone some 135 to 185 feet underground and covers a total of 55 million square feet.

Kansas City Chiefs founder Lamar Hunt built this subterranean city in the 1960s. It has offices, storage space, and even factories. Over 1,600 people work here every day, largely because SubTropolis remains cool all year, making it an ideal location for businesses. Fun fact: some of Hollywood’s most beloved masterpieces are kept here, including the original film reels of Gone with the Wind and The Wizard of Oz.

3
Underground Atlanta

Image: Ronny Sison

Underground Atlanta is a historic spot in downtown Atlanta, Georgia. It was built in the late 1800s, right after the Civil War, as a commercial district centered around the railroad. In the 1920s, viaducts were built and the streets were raised, creating a second level of streets, buildings, and shops.

During Prohibition, the abandoned underground space served as the best spot for speakeasies and juke joints. For decades, people forgot about the hidden city, but in the 1960s, it was brought back to life as a fun place for music bars and nightlife.

4
New York City Subterranean World

Image: Photographer: unknown, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Under America’s most populous city, there's a whole hidden world. For example, beneath Little Italy and the Public Library, there are secret vaults. Beyond the subway millions of people use daily, there is City Hall station, opened in 1904 and closed in 1945. It's a hidden gem with stained glass and mosaics that you can still visit by staying on the 6 train past the last stop.

But that’s not all! There are trading tunnels in SoHo and old cattle tunnels in the Meatpacking District. Also, in 1897, there were mail tubes built around the city to send letters between post offices that operated until the 1950s. Some of these underground spaces go as deep as 800 feet!

5
Permafrost Tunnel Research Facility

Image: Paxson Woelber

A large part of the land in the northern hemisphere is Permafrost, so it makes sense that there is a research facility specially built to study it. The Permafrost Tunnel in Alaska is the best place to learn about frozen soil that's over 40,000 years old.

The long tunnel was dug from 1963 to 1969 to study how to build and mine in frozen environments. Inside the facility, scientists study ice, ancient plants, and even bones from animals like mammoths. The tunnel shows different layers of earth, uncovering frozen ground from different time periods that help scientists anticipate what might happen as the world gets warmer.

6
The Greenbrier Bunker

Image: Alex Holzreiter

The Greenbrier Bunker in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, is a secret underground facility beneath a luxury hotel that has hosted numerous US presidents and famous guests. It was built during the Cold War to protect the US Congress in the event of a nuclear attack. The bunker was designed to house all 535 members of Congress and their staff for a long time.

This classified underground facility remained a secret until 1992, when a Washington Post article exposed it. Today, visitors can take tours to see special rooms, blast doors, and decontamination areas.

7
The Caverns

Image: jymy duhomme

Would you attend a concert underground? If you travel to Tennessee is totally possible! The Caverns, formerly known as Bluegrass Underground, is a very cool spot in Grundy County, Tennessee. Lying deep in a cave 333 feet underground, this concert venue with natural acoustics is the perfect place for live music.

People come from all over to hear a variety of performances, especially Bluegrass music. The Caverns can accommodate up to 1,200 people standing up and are equipped with state-of-the-art sound and lights. The cave's cool and quiet atmosphere makes the experience extra special!

8
Crystal City Underground

Image: Gustavo Alejandro Espinosa Reyes

Beneath the neighborhood of Crystal City, near Washington, DC, lies a network of shops, restaurants, and offices. It opened in 1976 and was designed to feel like an old shopping village with cobblestone streets and antique glass windows.

The underground space covers 150,000 square feet and connects several buildings. It's a popular spot for office workers and visitors, especially when the weather is bad. Unfortunately, in 2024, the shops closed, ending their retail era. Yet, the underground walkways and connections to the Metro remain open for pedestrians.

9
Los Angeles Prohibition Tunnels

Image: Alpha Perspective

In the 1920s, during Prohibition, people had to find ingenious ways around the restrictions on selling and consuming alcohol. That's why they built about 11 miles of underground tunnels right under Los Angeles.

Many of these subterranean sites are now closed, but you can still find a few hidden entrances around the city. You can even go on a tour to explore the tunnels and learn about their secret history.

10
Havre Beneath the Streets

Image: Đào Việt Hoàng

After a big fire in 1904 destroyed Havre’s business district in Montana, many shops moved underground. They used the old steam tunnels to stay safe from fires and bad weather. For years, the tunnels were busy with people and stores, such as saloons, drugstores, laundromats, and even a brothel. But today it is completely silent.

Fortunately, you can still visit what is left of this hidden city to see old shops and learn how people stayed safe and worked over 100 years ago. It's like going back in time!

11
Cheyenne Mountain Complex

Image: See page for author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

One of the safest places in the world is right here in America, more specifically in El Paso County, Colorado. Hidden inside a mountain, Cheyenne Mountain Complex was built in the 1960s to protect the US military from nuclear attacks.

The bunker stands under 2,000 feet of solid Granite, making it super strong and safe. It was once the command center for NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command). The complex has blast doors that weigh 25 tons each and can withstand a nuclear blast. It also has its own power, water, and food supply. People could survive there for months!

12
Forestiere Underground Gardens

Image: Levi Clancy, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

A Sicilian immigrant called Baldassare Forestiere spent 40 years digging and building a series of subterranean structures by hand in Fresno, California. Inspired by Roman catacombs and old wine cellars, he created around 65 rooms, tunnels, and courtyards to escape the hot summer sun.

The Gardens have fruit trees, grapevines, fishponds, and even a chapel. Some of the trees are more than 90 years old! Today, Forestiere Underground Gardens is a Historical Landmark you can visit if you want to discover a true underground paradise.

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