1

Josephine Baker

Image: Richie Lugo

Josephine Baker was the first Black woman to star in a major motion picture , the 1927 French silent film Siren of the Tropics . During her early career, Baker was among the most celebrated performers to headline the revues of the Folies Bergère in Paris. Her performance in the 1927 revue Un vent de Folie caused a sensation in the city. Her costume, consisting only of a short skirt made of artificial bananas and a beaded necklace, became an iconic image and a symbol both of the Jazz Age and the Roaring Twenties.

Baker was celebrated by artists and intellectuals of the era, who variously dubbed her the "Black Venus," the "Black Pearl," the "Bronze Venus," and the "Creole Goddess." She aided the French Resistance during World War II, and after the war, she was awarded the Resistance Medal by the French Committee of National Liberation, the Croix de Guerre by the French military, and was named a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour by General Charles de Gaulle.

2

Rudy Vallée

Image: Matt Botsford

Rudy Vallée was the first male singer to rise from local radio broadcasts in New York City to national popularity as a "crooner." He had a thin, wavering tenor voice and seemed more at home singing sweet ballads than jazz songs. But his singing, saxophone playing, and the innovative arrangements he wrote for his band attracted the attention of a rapidly increasing number of listeners, especially young women.

Singers needed strong voices to fill theaters in the days before microphones. Crooners had soft voices that were suited to the intimacy of radio; the microphones, in this case, promoted direct access to "a vulnerable and sensuous interior," or, in other words, "a conjured intimacy." Vallée was one of the first celebrity radio vocalists.

3

Bobby Darin

Image: Jack Sharp

Bobby Darin was an American teen idol and, later, an adult crooner who, in 1958, co-wrote and recorded his first million-selling single, "Splish Splash," followed by "Dream Lover" and his covers of "Mack the Knife" and "Beyond the Sea," which brought him worldwide fame.

In the early 1970s, his health was beginning to fail due to a weak heart. The knowledge of Darin's vulnerability had always spurred him on to use his musical talent while still young. Darin died in 1973 at the age of 37 in a hospital recovery room after having open-heart surgery in Los Angeles.

4

Keely Smith

Image: Harry Shelton

American jazz and popular music singer Keely Smith performed and recorded extensively in the 1950s with her then-husband Louis Prima , and throughout the 1960s as a solo artist. The couple were stars in the entertainment business, including stage, television, motion pictures, hit records, and cabaret acts.

They won a Grammy in 1959, its inaugural year, for their smash hit, "That Old Black Magic," which remained on the charts for 18 weeks.

5

The Ink Spots

Image: Jorge Flores

The first band on the list, the Ink Spots was an American vocal pop group who gained international fame in the 1930s and 1940s due to their unique musical style, which predated rhythm and blues and doo-wop .

On January 12, 1939, the Ink Spots recorded "If I Didn't Care," one of their biggest hits, selling over 19 million copies and becoming the 8th-best-selling single of all time. Since they disbanded in 1954, there have been well over a hundred vocal groups calling themselves "The Ink Spots," with and without any original members of the group.

6

Ella Fitzgerald

Image: zachrie friesen

A frequent collaborator of the Ink Spots, Ella Fitzgerald was a singer, songwriter, and composer, sometimes referred to as the "First Lady of Song," the "Queen of Jazz," and "Lady Ella." She was noted for her purity of tone, impeccable diction, phrasing, timing, intonation, absolute pitch, and a "horn-like" improvisational ability, particularly in her scat singing.

Outside her solo career, she recorded music with Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and the aforementioned Ink Spots. These partnerships produced songs such as "Dream a Little Dream of Me," "Cheek to Cheek," "Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall," and "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)."

7

Bing Crosby

Image: Alexander Wark Feeney

A one-man orchestra, Bing Crosby was a singer, actor, television producer, radio personality, and businessman. The first multimedia star , he was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century worldwide.

In 1948, American polls declared him the "most admired man alive," ahead of Jackie Robinson and Pope Pius XII. That same year, Music Digest estimated that Crosby's recordings filled more than half of the 80,000 weekly hours allocated to recorded radio music in America.

Crosby is one of 33 people to have three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , in the categories of motion pictures, radio, and audio recording.

8

Perry Como

Image: Oscar Sutton

Perry Como was an American singer, actor, and television personality who sold over 100 million records worldwide and pioneered a weekly musical variety television show. His weekly television shows and seasonal specials were broadcast around the world. He recorded primarily vocal pop and was renowned for his recordings in the intimate, easy-listening genre pioneered by our newly acquainted friend, Bing Crosby.

In the official RCA Records memorial in Billboard magazine, his life was summed up in these few words: "50 years of music and a life well lived. An example to all."

9

Nina Simone

Image: Artem Bryzgalov

A bigger-than-life figure, Nina Simone was a singer, songwriter, pianist, composer, arranger, and civil rights activist whose piano playing was strongly influenced by baroque and classical music, and accompanied by expressive, jazz-like singing in her contralto voice .

Early in her career, Simone played piano at a nightclub in Atlantic City, where she was told that she would have to sing to her accompaniment. This effectively launched her career as a jazz vocalist. Simone also became known for her work in the civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s, and she later fled the United States and settled in France following the assassination of her friend Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968.

10

Screamin’ Jay Hawkins

Image: Music HQ

The closer of this list is one of the most colorful characters in American music. "Screamin' Jay" Hawkins was a singer-songwriter, musician, actor, film producer, and boxer, best known for his powerful, shouting vocal delivery and wildly theatrical performances with macabre props onstage, making him an early pioneer of shock rock.

Screamin’ Jay’s most successful recording, "I Put a Spell on You," was created when the entire band was intoxicated during a recording session where "Hawkins screamed, grunted, and gurgled his way through the tune with utter drunken abandon." The resulting performance became his greatest commercial success and reportedly surpassed a million copies in sales.

1

Pan Am

Image: Rob Wilson

If a single name were to represent the airline industry in the 20th century, it would most likely be Pan Am. Founded as Pan American Airways in 1927, the company became an American icon , known for its many airline innovations , its distinctive blue logo, and the crisp white uniforms of its staff.

However, when the airline industry was deregulated in 1978, increased competition set the stage for Pan Am’s downfall. The company declined throughout the 1980s and ultimately declared bankruptcy in 1991.

2

Borders

Image: Araix Rand

Its huge stores were havens for book lovers, who could spend hours wandering its aisles, browsing and perusing its vast catalog of books , magazines , CDs , and more. But, alas, none of these stores had been profitable since the mid-2000s.

In 2011, after the company filed for bankruptcy, every single store was closed. Its trademarks were later purchased by its prominent rival, Barnes & Noble.

3

Circuit City

Image: Austin Distel

Starting its life as Wards Company in 1948, Circuit City became one of America’s most recognizable brands in the consumer electronics retail business . However, the turn of the century brought significant changes and financial difficulties, ultimately leading the company to file for bankruptcy in 2008.

4

Tower Records

Image: Lucía Garó

In a similar vein to Borders, Tower Records was a haven for music lovers who enjoyed the vast selection of music available in its stores. And, much like Borders, music stores have largely gone the way of the dodo.

Managerial blunders and the rise of internet piracy contributed to the company filing for bankruptcy twice—first in 2004 and again in 2006. Its assets were sold at auction to Great American Group, and the last store closed in December 2006.

5

Trans World Airlines (TWA)

Image: Ross Parmly

Pan Am was not the only major airline to disappear. The once-powerful TWA met the same fate, operating from 1930 until it was acquired by American Airlines in 2001 . It was once one of the "Big Four" domestic airlines in the United States, alongside United, Eastern, and the aforementioned American.

6

Blockbuster

Image: Bruno Guerrero

Another demise that hit hard for loyal customers was Blockbuster. While the VHS rental behemoth dominated the market throughout the ’90s and early 2000s —with over 9,000 stores and 84,000 employees—the lethal combination of the internet and piracy proved too much to withstand. As a result, the company gradually closed nearly all its stores, leaving only one remaining today in Bend, Oregon.

7

Amoco

Image: Markus Spiske

The first name on this list to disappear not due to financial difficulties but because of a merger, Amoco was a giant in the oil and gas industry. Founded in 1910, it became the largest natural gas producer in North America by the late ’90s .

In 1998, it merged with British Petroleum in a $61 billion deal. Existing service stations were rebranded under the BP name, and the Amoco brand gradually faded from view.

8

Compaq

Image: ThisisEngineering

In the ’90s, Compaq was a major player in the computer industry and, at one point, the largest supplier of PC systems in the US . However, as the century came to an end, lower-cost competitors like Dell began attracting consumers and chipping away at Compaq’s market share. In 2002, the company merged with Hewlett-Packard, and the Compaq name gradually faded away.

9

Woolworths

Image: Kay Enn

The original five-and-dime store, Woolworths, was a pioneer in the retail industry in the late 1800s . It managed to survive—and even thrive—through most of the 20th century, but by 1989, it had entered a steady decline.

Following a 1993 restructuring that led to the closure of half its 800 stores, the rest gradually shut down. While the Woolworths retail brand and name have disappeared, the company rebranded as the Venator Group in 2001 and shifted its focus to its footwear division. Today, you might know it as Foot Locker.

10

Howard Johnson’s

Image: Francesca Saraco

The last name on our list is a familiar one, especially to travelers. The iconic Howard Johnson’s began as a single ice cream stand outside Boston, Mass., before expanding to over 1,000 restaurants. In the 1950s, the chain introduced motor lodges at nearly 300 of its locations.

Howard Johnson’s was sold to Marriott in the 1980s, and most of its restaurants gradually shut down. The last remaining location, in Lake George, N.Y., closed its doors in 2017.

1

The Twilight Zone

Image: Artie_Navarre

The first show on our list was a fantasy science-fiction series created and presented by Rod Serling, which ran for five seasons from 1959 to 1964. Each episode presented a standalone story in which characters dealt with often disturbing or unusual events , an experience described as entering "the Twilight Zone", often with a surprise ending.

Since the show appeared, the phrase "Twilight Zone" has become a household term used to describe surreal experiences. The series featured both established stars and younger actors who would become much better known later.

2

Bewitched

Image: RDNE Stock project

America’s favorite witch, Samantha Stephens was the star of Bewitched , a sitcom series that aired from 1964 to 1972. The plot of the show revolves around a witch who marries an ordinary mortal man and leads the life of a typical suburban housewife.

The show was popular and starred Elizabeth Montgomery as Samantha Stephens, Dick York as Darrin Stephens, and Agnes Moorehead as Endora, Samantha’s mother.

3

Gilligan’s Island

Image: Michael

Its iconic soundtrack and Gilligan’s bucket hat remain a part of today’s pop culture. This sitcom aired from 1964 to 1967, and it followed the misadventures of seven castaways trying to survive on an island where they shipwrecked.

Most episodes revolve around the different castaways’ conflicts and their unsuccessful attempts to escape the island, with the ship’s first mate, Gilligan, usually being responsible for the failures.

4

M A S H

Image: The Australian War Memorial

This comedy-drama aired from 1972 to 1983 and was a spinoff of the 1970 film M A S H. The series follows a team of doctors and support staff stationed at the "4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital" (hence the name, M A S H) in South Korea during the Korean War.

The series included broad comedy and tragic drama and was one of the highest-rated shows in U.S. television history, regarded by many as one of the greatest television shows of all time. Its final episode remains both the most-watched finale of any television series and the most-watched episode of a scripted series.

5

Mister Rogers' Neighborhood

Image: Yannis H

Very few people in showbusiness, if any, are as widely appreciated as Fred Rogers, the host of Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood . Both his onstage and offstage persona were filled with a wholesome warmth that became an oasis in an increasingly loud and superficial medium as national television.

His half-hour educational children’s television show ran from 1968 to 2001. The series was aimed primarily at preschool children ages 2 to 5, but it was labeled by PBS as "appropriate for all ages".

6

Knight Rider

Image: Arthur Besnard

The television series that showcased a young David Hasselhoff helping people in distress with his talking car aired from 1982 to 1986. Michael Knight (Hasselhoff’s character) was a modern-day crime-fighter who used a technologically advanced, artificially intelligent automobile.

The car, named KITT, was virtually indestructible due to a high-tech coating applied to it. Knight Rider stories usually depicted either average citizens or ethical heads of corporations being bullied into subservience to an overbearing or ruthless criminal organization.

7

Cheers

Image: Alex Knight

A feelgood series, Cheers aired from 1982 to 1993. It was set in a bar of the same name in Boston, owned by former Red Sox pitcher Sam Malone, where a group of locals met to drink, relax, socialize, and escape from their daily routine.

During its run, Cheers became one of the most popular series in history, received critical acclaim from its start to its end, and is frequently cited as one of the greatest television shows of all time.

8

Sledge Hammer!

Image: kampfmonchichi

Its short lifespan (two seasons) didn’t prevent Sledge Hammer! from leaving a mark in pop culture. This satirical police sitcom aired from 1986 to 1988 and featured Inspector Sledge Hammer, a volatile agent of the law who solved crimes with outlandish methods. Hammer was accompanied by his partner, Dori Doreau, and the irascible police captain, Trunk.

9

MacGyver

Image: Nipun Haldar

MacGyver was the name of the show and the character who sold a million Swiss Army knives. It was an action-adventure television series starring Richard Dean Anderson as Angus MacGyver, a secret agent armed with remarkable scientific resourcefulness to solve any problem out in the field using any materials at hand.

The show aired from 1985 to 1992 and was a ratings success. While some reboots for the series appeared in the years after its ending, none of those managed to achieve its predecessor’s success.

10

Alf

Image: Erik Mclean

The extra-terrestrial being that crash-landed in the Tanner family garage, Alf, had a hit sitcom that aired from 1986 to 1990. The series starred Max Wright as the ather, Willie Tanner, Anne Schedeen as the mother, Kate Tanner, and Andrea Elson and Benji Gregory as their children, Lynn and Brian Tanner.

As in the case of MacGyver , a few years after the original series ended, some reboots were announced.