1

Grizzly Bear

Image: Joshua J. Cotten

Grizzly bears ( Ursus arctos horribilis ) are one of the most famous North American mammals, but do you know why they are called that? The grizzly bear is a subspecies of the brown bear. However, although grizzlies are mostly brown, their fur can appear white-tipped or grizzled , which explains their name.

The grizzly bear once lived throughout much of the North American West. Unfortunately, the arrival of Europeans gradually drove it from its original habitat, considerably reducing its population. In 1975, they were listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, and much has been done since then to protect the species. Today, grizzlies can still be found in parts of Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Washington, and the Alaskan wilderness. They are also one of the most iconic residents of Yellowstone National Park.

2

Gray Wolf

Image: Yannick Menard

We all know that wolves are legendary for their eerie howl, but there are many other interesting facts about this peculiar animal. Gray wolves ( Canis lupus ) are the largest members of the dog family and are native to North America and Eurasia. The size of an adult gray wolf is similar to that of an average dog and it can weigh up to 145 pounds. However, their tracks would outshine those of any dog, as they measure about 5 inches long by 4 inches wide.

Wolves live and hunt in packs of 6 to 10 animals. They are known to travel great distances, even covering 30 miles in a single day. In the United States, gray wolves were hunted to near extinction, although some populations survived and others have since been reintroduced. Today gray wolves can be found in areas such as the Great Lakes states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, the northern Rocky Mountains region, and the northwest.

3

North American River Otter

Image: lovelooking

The North American River Otter ( Lontra canadensis ) is a species of semi-aquatic, carnivorous mammal endemic to the North American continent that can be found along the coasts and rivers of the United States and Canada. Because they are very susceptible to environmental pollution, their population has been reduced considerably in recent years.

It is a mostly nocturnal animal, often seen at dusk or dawn. During the day it takes refuge in burrows with an underwater entrance that leads to a nest chamber lined with plant material and hair. North American River Otters are robust (11 to 31 pounds) and feed on fish and other aquatic prey, such as turtles, frogs, and crabs.

4

Red Fox

Image: Jeremy Hynes

The red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) is a species of mammal in the canid family. It is the most abundant fox species in the northern hemisphere and can be found in many national parks across the country. As its name suggests, its fur is reddish in color. The tips of the ears and the ends of the legs, however, are black. They have a bushy tail whose tip is usually white, as is their belly.

Although classified as a carnivore, the red fox is actually an omnivore and, above all, a great opportunist. They are astute, have excellent eyesight, and have a keen sense of smell and hearing. They can hunt prey of a wide variety of sizes, from insects and worms to small mammals, birds, and fish. They also feed on certain vegetables, berries, and fruits.

5

Mountain Lion

Image: Robert Sachowski

The cougar ( Puma concolor ), also known as the mountain lion, is a mammal native to the Americas. These large, tan cats are found from the Yukon in Canada to the southern Andes Mountains and Patagonia in South America. In the United States, mountain lions can be found mainly in the western part of the country. However, because of their solitary nature and constant threats from humans, it is difficult to estimate exact population numbers.

Mountain lions are slender and agile felines that can adapt to different conditions and environments. They are strict carnivores and have extraordinary vision and acute hearing, which allows them to capture almost any animal, from insects to squirrels, beavers, elk, and deer.

6

North American Beaver

Image: kidmoses

Beavers are known to be one of the only animals that can affect the ecosystem around them, building watertight dams that help preserve water in streams and rivers. The North American beaver ( Castor canadensis ) is the largest rodent in North America and one of the largest in the world —it can weigh between 24 and 71 pounds! The species is widely distributed throughout the continent, from northern Canada to northern Mexico.

The North American beaver's coat can range from dark brown to reddish brown, and its most distinctive feature, a flattened paddle-shaped tail, allows it to swim. It is perfectly adapted to semi-aquatic life; its ears and nose have valves that close when submerged, and it can close its lips behind its prominent incisors to cut wood underwater.

7

Hawaiian Monk Seal

Image: Sebastian Coman Travel

The Hawaiian Monk Seal ( Neomonachus schauinslandi ) is a species native to the Hawaiian Islands. With its friendly face and long whiskers, it is perhaps one of the most endearing mammals that can be found in our country. Unfortunately, this seal species is endangered because of the large amount of chemical waste produced by the fishing industry on the reefs and beaches of the northern Pacific Ocean.

The Hawaiian Monk Seal is usually solitary but is always seen accompanied by other specimens. It is known to be piscivorous, that is, it feeds mainly on fish and other marine creatures, such as crustaceans and some species of mollusks. Since it is a predator by nature, when hunting it makes the most of its length (approximately 7 feet) and its large body (between 300 to 600 lb) to catch its prey.

8

American Red Squirrel

Image: Rusty Watson

The American red squirrel ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ) lives in the United States and much of Canada. It is a rodent mammal easily recognized for its deep reddish fur, long bushy tail, and prominent lower teeth. It can be differentiated from other North American squirrel species because of its smaller size, 11 to 14 inches.

American red squirrels normally live in the shady areas of coniferous forests and are primarily granivores. They feed on seeds, pine cones, nuts, fruit, and occasionally insects, eggs, and birds. It is mainly active in trees but also swims freely, using its tail as a rudder to change its direction.

9

Elk

Image: Judy Beth Morris

Elk ( Cervus canadensis ), also known as wapiti in several Native American cultures, is a species of deer that lives in North America, Central and East Asia. Today, most elk in our country are found primarily in the West, especially in mountainous regions such as Wyoming's National Elk Refuge and Yellowstone National Park. Some eastern states have also reintroduced small herds into natural forest areas.

The most prominent feature of elks is their massive antlers. Each March they shed their antlers, which begin to grow back in May to be ready for the breeding season in late summer. During this time the bellowing of the males echoes through the mountains, announcing the violent battles that serve to decide who mates with whom. The males with the largest antlers, usually the oldest, often win these duels and get to dominate the herd.

10

American Bison

Image: Stephen Leonardi

The American bison is a true symbol of American identity. Not only is it the largest mammal in North America, it is also the national mammal of the United States. In addition, it's one of the greatest conservation success stories of all time.

In prehistoric times, there were millions of specimens of American bison ( Bison bison ) roaming our territory. But by the late 19th century, there were only a few hundred left. Fortunately, thanks to the efforts of several organizations and individuals, the species was reintroduced and today it can be found in a few national parks and reserves as well as in the wild.

1

Thomas Edison

Image: Call Me Fred

When it comes to inventors, we can't fail to mention the incredible Thomas Alva Edison.

Edison was born on February 11, 1847, in Milan, Ohio, and since he was a child, he showed his interest and talent in mechanics and electricity. At the age of 11, he set up his first laboratory in his parents' home, and by the age of 12, he ran his own business: a newspaper he designed, printed, and sold himself.

Creator of the phonograph (the first device capable of recording and reproducing sounds) and a fundamental part in the development and popularization of inventions such as the electric light bulb and the motion picture camera, Edison patented more than 1000 creations during his lifetime. Impressive!

2

Benjamin Franklin

Image: Dan Mall

Born in Boston, Benjamin Franklin was one of our Founding Fathers, the men whose principles, values, and ideas shaped America. But as if that weren't enough, Franklin was also a renowned scientist, inventor, and polymath.

A pioneer in the field of electricity, he's remembered for his famous kite experiment, which demonstrated the electrical nature of lightning and led to the invention of nothing less than the lightning rod. In addition, he's also credited with iconic inventions such as the first efficient wood-burning stove (later known as "the Franklin Stove"), the bifocal glasses, and the glass armonica.

3

Samuel Morse

Image: The New York Public Library

Unlike other scientists and inventors on this list, Samuel Morse began his journey in a completely different field: art.

Morse studied at Yale, where he completed his studies in 1810. He then embarked on a trip to Europe to continue his artistic education, but this trip awakened another peculiar interest in him. Frustrated by the communication methods of his time, Morse focused his creativity on finding ways to transmit information over long distances using electrical signals. Thus, the revolutionary telegraph was born, along with its way of communication, the Morse code.

4

The Wright Brothers

Image: Simon Fitall

The Wright Brothers were the famous siblings who, in the 20th century, achieved a goal long sought by humanity: flight.

Wilbur and Orville Wright are credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane. As you probably know, on December 17, 1903, they made the first sustained flight in history using the Wright Flyer, their iconic invention.

On that December morning, the brothers flipped a coin, letting fate decide who would be the first to test the aircraft. Although Wilbur won, that first attempt failed. So it was Orville who flew for 12 seconds, traveling 120 feet over Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

5

George Washington Carver

Image: Tom Hermans

George Washington Carver was born in the 1860s in Diamond, Missouri. In the 1890s, his intelligence and hard work enabled him to enter Iowa State College (now Iowa State University), where he earned a master's degree in agricultural sciences. In 1896, he became the head of the agriculture department at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, where his career as a professor and a researcher took off.

Thanks to his investigations and tests, George Washington Carver made major contributions to agriculture, including his innovative techniques for crop rotation . In addition, he developed many and varied peanut products, such as oil, flour, soap, and ink, helping to make this crop one of the key products of the country's economy.

6

Carl Sagan

Image: Vaibhaw Kumar

The stars and the mysteries of the universe captivated the famous Carl Sagan from an early age. Born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1934, Sagan studied at the University of Chicago, where he earned degrees in physics, astronomy, and astrophysics, eventually working and collaborating with NASA.

His contributions to the field of astronomy earned him a position in projects such as the Mariner, Viking, Voyager, and Galileo missions, thanks to which we have learned a lot about Venus, Mars, and Jupiter. The famous high temperatures of Venus, for example, were confirmed thanks to his work.

Additionally, his book and series Cosmos attracted the public's interest in astronomy, inspiring many others to follow in his footsteps.

7

Grace Hopper

Image: Museums Victoria

While computer programming may seem like a modern issue, the pioneers of this field were already working as early as the 1940s.

Grace Hopper graduated in mathematics and physics in 1928 and obtained a master's degree and a Ph.D in mathematics from Yale University in 1934. Famous as a pioneer in the world of programming, Hopper's work began during World War II when she joined the US Naval Reserve. There, she worked on the earliest electromechanical computers and developed extensive and complex manuals to operate them.

Her greatest contribution came from her work with mathematical codes, which she translated and adapted into innovative machine-readable language. That innovation led to the creation of the first high-level programming languages.

8

Jonas Salk

Image: Олег Мороз

Jonas Salk is none other than the mind behind a medical milestone: the polio vaccine.

In the 1940s, Salk was beginning his career in medical research. While working at the University of Michigan, his work was crucial in developing the first successful influenza vaccine for the military during WWII. This event marked his later study of the poliovirus.

Polio was devastating during the first decades of the 20th century, but that changed dramatically thanks to Salk's work. The scientist led a team that succeeded in developing the first safe and effective injectable inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in 1955, and the rest is history.

9

Barbara McClintock

Image: digitale.de

Although her name may not be as instantly recognizable as some others on this list, her work definitely is. Barbara McClintock has undoubtedly made one of the most significant contributions to medicine and genetics.

In the 1940s and 1950s, she worked with chromosomes, investigating their role in inheritance, which led to discoveries that forever changed our understanding of genes.

Before her, genes were believed to be fixed and immutable. But McClintock came to change that idea with her most famous contribution: the discovery of transposable elements, aka "jumping genes." She demonstrated that jumping genes are present in multiple organisms, including humans, and play an essential role in genetic evolution.

10

Alexander Graham Bell

Image: Misho Tektumanidze

Alexander Graham Bell became interested in sound and communication at a young age, something that led to his greatest and most remembered contribution: the telephone.

Although born in 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland, Alexander Graham Bell settled in the United States in 1871 and became an American citizen years later. It was here that he developed most of his experiments and research.

After years of experimenting with methods to transmit sound through electrical currents, Bell finally spoke into his invention on March 10, 1876, saying to his assistant, "Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you." That was the first successful telephone call in history.

1

Bell-Bottom Pants

Image: Annie Spratt

If you're attending a 1970s-themed costume party, what would you wear? Beyond your personal style, no '70s wardrobe could be complete without a good pair of bell-bottom pants.

These pants were everywhere back then. Available in all colors and styles, they were worn by young and old alike. While their stardom spanned from the late 1960s to the early 1980s, bell-bottoms actually emerged much earlier. When? In the 19th century!

The first to wear this style of pants were American sailors in the 1800s. But their purpose wasn't to look trendy. Sailors implemented them because the wide design made it easy to roll them up when it was time to get their feet in the water.

2

Polaroid Cameras

Image: Josh Carter

Your current cell phone camera is probably better than the analog cameras of the 20th century. But let's be honest—there's nothing quite like holding a physical photo you just took, right?

Okay, we admit it: nostalgia is kicking in. But still, who can deny that a picture is a beautiful memory that gives a sweet, homey touch to your house? Thanks to Polaroid cameras, those of us who grew up in the 1970s and 1980s know this all too well.

Although Polaroid cameras first emerged in the late 1940s , it wasn’t until 3 decades later that they reached their peak popularity, becoming an unmistakable symbol of the era.

3

Music videos

Image: Jakob Owens

While music videos existed before the 1980s, that decade turned them into a global sensation.

One song marked a major turning point in the world of music videos. You probably already guessed it: we’re talking about Michael Jackson’s "Thriller." Released in 1983, this was one of the first music videos to feature substantial production value and investment, making it worldwide famous and setting a trend that would influence the industry for decades. Other unforgettable examples from the era include the animated masterpiece "Take On Me" by A-ha (1985) and the vibrant aerobic-themed "Physical" by Olivia Newton-John (1981).

While music videos remain a key part of the music industry today, they’ve evolved to be shorter and more dynamic, often prioritizing quick impact over storytelling.

4

Synthesizer Sound

Image: Orkun Azap

One of the most iconic and recognizable features of '70s and '80s music is the use of synthesizers.

First introduced in the 1960s, synthesizers grew in popularity over the following decades, until they became part of nearly every sound of the era—from rock and funk to pop, disco, and electronic music.

A great '70s example is Stevie Wonder 's "Superstition," which showcases the innovative use of synthesizers. By the '80s, the synthesizer sound had reached new heights, thanks to bands like Depeche Mode and Duran Duran , who helped define the decade's musical identity.

5

Disco Balls

Image: Greyson Joralemon

If there's one thing that screams 1970s, that's undoubtedly disco music. With icons like the Bee Gees, KC The Sunshine Band, and Donna Summer, disco emerged in America and quickly got the whole world onto the dance floor.

In addition to platform shoes and satin shirts, one of the objects that went hand in hand with this type of music was the famous mirror ball, also called the disco ball. Discotheques often showcased spectacular disco balls, and famous artists included them in their music videos, making those shiny spheres the stars of the era.

6

Roller Skates

Image: Nick Fewings

Disco wasn’t the only sensation of the era—roller skates were a big deal, too. In fact, the two often combined: during the '70s and '80s, roller discos became a hit, where people danced on wheels!

Roller skates were so popular at the time that they made their way into films and music videos, including the 1980 cult classic Xanadu and Cher’s iconic 1979 music video for "Hell on Wheels."

Although roller skates were invented in the 18th century, it was the 20th century that catapulted them to the height of their fame. Were you lucky enough to strap on a pair and join the fun?

7

Arcade

Image: Carl Raw

If you were young in the '80s, you probably had a joystick or an arcade token in your hands, as arcades were the ultimate hangout spots for teenagers back then.

We bet you remember titles such as "Space Invaders," released in 1978, or the legendary "Pac-Man," which arrived to revolutionize the entire industry in 1980. Other unforgettable classics included "Donkey Kong" and "Frogger," both released in 1981.

So, what was your high score? Did you dominate the leaderboard or keep coming back for just one more game?

8

Atari 2600

Image: Senad Palic

What do you usually do when you're bored at home? For most of us, it's watching a movie or scrolling through our phone screens. But a few decades ago, the entertainment industry looked entirely different.

In 1977, home recreation changed forever with the arrival of the Atari 2600, one of the first home gaming consoles. From that moment on, gamers could enjoy their favorite games without ever leaving the comfort of their homes.

9

Slang

Image: Buse Doga Ay

But it wasn't just about fashion, music, and games. We can't forget the prominence of slang during these two emblematic decades.

One of the first terms that comes to mind is "groovy," remember that one? It was used to describe something cool or excellent. Maybe you remember a friend saying, "I love your outfit, super groovy!" Another memorable expression from the era was "Gag me with a spoon," used to convey disgust or displeasure, as in "That's so cheesy! Gag me with a spoon!"

Other unforgettable slang words included "bummer," "rad," "hip," and "tubular," each capturing the spirit of the '70s and '80s in its own unique way.

10

Cabbage Patch Dolls

Image: silvia trigo

If you didn't have one at home, you probably knew someone who did—or maybe even had more than one. We're referring to the famous Cabbage Patch Dolls, the toy that caused a sensation during the early 1980s.

Launched in 1982, the Cabbage Patch Dolls quickly made their way into most American homes. Their popularity was so massive and abrupt that they are remembered as one of the most iconic trend crazes of the 20th century. People would form long lines outside toy stores just to hug one of these dolls. In fact, the craze was so intense that the media dubbed it the "Cabbage Patch Kid Frenzy."